IB Environmental Systems and Societies SL Topic 3: Biodiversity and Conservation

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Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to biodiversity and conservation from the lecture notes.

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17 Terms

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Biodiversity

The variety of life, encompassing genetic diversity, species diversity, and habitat diversity.

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Species Diversity

Looks at the number of species (richness) and the relative proportions of each species (evenness) in a community.

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Genetic Diversity

The range of genetic material present in a particular gene pool or population of a species.

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Habitat Diversity

The number of different habitats per unit area in an ecosystem or biome.

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Diversity Indices

Tools used to describe and compare communities and ecosystems, indicating levels of biodiversity.

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Biodiversity Hotspots

Regions with high levels of biodiversity that are under threat from human activities.

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Natural Selection

A process through which individuals that are more adapted to their environment survive and reproduce, contributing to evolution.

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Speciation

The gradual change of a species over time, often due to environmental changes.

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Background Extinction Rate

The natural extinction rate of all species without human impact.

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IUCN Red List

An inventory of the global conservation status of biological species, assessing their risk of extinction.

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CITES

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna, aimed at ensuring international trade does not threaten species survival.

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Keystone Species

A species that plays a critical role in maintaining the structure of an ecosystem.

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Umbrella Species

Species used to gain support for conservation efforts that also help protect other species in the same habitat.

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Captive Breeding

The practice of breeding species in controlled environments, such as zoos, for conservation purposes.

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Flagship Species

Charismatic species used to raise support and funds for conservation efforts.

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Invasive Species

Non-native species that outcompete local species and disrupt ecosystems.

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Overexploitation

The unsustainable harvesting of species, leading to population declines.