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Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to biodiversity and conservation from the lecture notes.
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Biodiversity
The variety of life, encompassing genetic diversity, species diversity, and habitat diversity.
Species Diversity
Looks at the number of species (richness) and the relative proportions of each species (evenness) in a community.
Genetic Diversity
The range of genetic material present in a particular gene pool or population of a species.
Habitat Diversity
The number of different habitats per unit area in an ecosystem or biome.
Diversity Indices
Tools used to describe and compare communities and ecosystems, indicating levels of biodiversity.
Biodiversity Hotspots
Regions with high levels of biodiversity that are under threat from human activities.
Natural Selection
A process through which individuals that are more adapted to their environment survive and reproduce, contributing to evolution.
Speciation
The gradual change of a species over time, often due to environmental changes.
Background Extinction Rate
The natural extinction rate of all species without human impact.
IUCN Red List
An inventory of the global conservation status of biological species, assessing their risk of extinction.
CITES
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna, aimed at ensuring international trade does not threaten species survival.
Keystone Species
A species that plays a critical role in maintaining the structure of an ecosystem.
Umbrella Species
Species used to gain support for conservation efforts that also help protect other species in the same habitat.
Captive Breeding
The practice of breeding species in controlled environments, such as zoos, for conservation purposes.
Flagship Species
Charismatic species used to raise support and funds for conservation efforts.
Invasive Species
Non-native species that outcompete local species and disrupt ecosystems.
Overexploitation
The unsustainable harvesting of species, leading to population declines.