Hypertension

Etiology of Hypertension

Factors include genetics, age, diet, obesity, smoking, prolonged stress, and physical inactivity.

Pathogenesis of Hypertension

Involves vasoconstriction, increased resistance, increased blood volume, and sodium retention (via RAAS).

Role of Diuretics in Treating Hypertension

Diuretics remove sodium from the bloodstream, causing water to follow through osmosis, which decreases blood volume and normalizes blood pressure.

Primary Hypertension

Chronic elevated blood pressure with no identifiable cause (idiopathic).

Secondary Hypertension

High blood pressure that is a result of another disease, such as renal or endocrine disorders.

Early Manifestations of Uncontrolled Hypertension

Often asymptomatic; may include fatigue, malaise, and morning headaches.

Later Manifestations of Uncontrolled Hypertension

Can lead to end organ damage.

Complications of Hypertension

Can increase the risk of stroke, heart disease, and renal disease.

Sodium Retention

A process that contributes to increased blood volume in the context of hypertension.

Mechanism of Blood Volume Decrease by Diuretics

Diuretics promote the removal of sodium and water, leading to decreased blood volume and lower blood pressure.