Unit 4 Population & Migration - Human Geography

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44 Terms

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Resources

materials found on the Earth that people need and value

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Climate

the average weather conditions in an area over a long period of time

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Distribution

where people (or other things) are located across Earth's surface (Where?)

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Density

the frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area (How crowded?)

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Scale

the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and the Earth as a whole (we can zoom in and zoom out)

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Ecumene

permanently inhabited areas of the Earth's surface

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Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

a process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates with a low rate of natural increase (helps us understand the connections between population growth/decline and development)

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Demographics

statistical data relating to the population and particular groups within it.

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Development

a process of improvement in the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology

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Developed Country (MDC)

a country that has progressed relatively far along a continuum of development

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Developing Country (LDC)

a country that is at a relatively early stage in the process of economic development

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Quality of Life

how a person feels about their well-being and satisfaction with their life - happiness, health, personal fulfillment, etc.

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Birth Rate (Crude Birth Rate)

the total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society

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Death Rate (Crude Death Rate)

the total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society

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Life Expectancy

the average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions

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Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

the average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years (AKA "children per woman")

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Infant Mortality Rate

the total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year old for every 1,000 live births in a society

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Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate

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Population Pyramid

A bar graph that represents the distribution of population by age and sex

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Zero Population Growth (ZPG)

when the crude birth rate equals the crude death rate and the natural increase rate approaches zero

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Negative Population Growth (NPG)

when the crude death rate is greater than crude birth rate, resulting in a decrease in the population

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Dependency Ratio

the number of people who are too young or too old to work, compared to the number of people of working age

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Natural Resources

Materials or substances such as minerals, forests, water, and fertile land that occur in nature and can be used f

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Overpopulation

a condition in which the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support them at a decent standard of living

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Pro-natalist

the belief that people should be having more babies (increase the birth rate)

<p>the belief that people should be having more babies (increase the birth rate)</p>
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Anti-natalist

the belief that people should be having fewer babies (decrease the birth rate)

<p>the belief that people should be having fewer babies (decrease the birth rate)</p>
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Youth Dependency Ratio

the number of young people in a population (usually people younger than 15 years of age) too young to work, compared to the working-age people in that population

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Elderly Dependency Ratio

the number of older people in a population (usually people over 64 years of age) too old to work, compared to the working-age people in that population

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Family Planning

using or providing information, clinical services, and contraceptives to help people choose the number and spacing of children they want to have

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Contraception

intentionally preventing pregnancy from occurring (birth control)

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Migration

a type of relocation diffusion that is a permanent move to a new location

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Push Factor

a negative reason that encourages people to leave their present location

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Pull Factor

a positive reason that encourages people to move to a new location

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Voluntary Migration

movement in which people relocate in response to perceived opportunity; often economic, sometimes environmental

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Forced Migration

movement in which people have been compelled to relocate; often cultural, political or environmental factors

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Brain Drain

the loss of highly educated and skilled workers to other countries

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Brain Gain

large-scale immigration of highly educated and skilled workers from other countries

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Immigration

migration to a location (in)

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Emigration

migration from a location (out)

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Refugee

a person who has been forced to migrate to another country to avoid armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights, or other threats to their well-being

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Internally Displaced Person (IDP)

a person who has been forced from their home but remains in their own country

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Asylum Seeker

someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee

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Guest Worker

a foreign laborer living and working temporarily in another country

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Diaspora

the movement, migration, or scattering of a people away from an established or ancestral homeland