Urban issues and challenges key words

Brownfield site

Land that has been used, abandoned and now awaits some new use. Commonly found across urban areas, particularly in the inner city.

Dereliction

abondened buildings and waste land

green field site

A plot of land, often in a rural or on the edge of an urban area that has not yet been subject to any building development.

Integreted transport systems

When different transport methods connect together, making journeys smoother and therefore public transport more appealing.

Better integration should result in more demand for public transport and should see people switching from private car use to public modes of transport, which should be more sustainable.

It may also lead to a fall in congestion due to less road users.

Social deprivation

The degree to which an individual or an area is deprived of services, decent housing, adequate income and local employment

Rural-urban fringe

A zone of transition between the built-up area and the countryside, where there is often competition for land use. It is a zone of mixed land uses, from out of town shopping centres and golf courses to farmland and motorways.

Squatter settlement

An area of poor-quality housing, lacking in amenities such as water supply, sewerage and electricity, which often develops spontaneously and illegally in a city in an LIC.

Urban regeneration

The revival of old parts of the built‐up area by either installing modern facilities in old buildings (known as renewal) or opting for redevelopment (ie demolishing existing buildings and starting afresh).

Urban sprawl

The unplanned growth of urban areas into the surrounding countryside.

Industrial structure

The relative proportion of the workforce employed in different sectors of the economy (primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary). \

Example sentence: A shift in the industrial structure from