Arab-Israeli crisis

What is Zionism

The belief that Jewish people deserve and should have an ancestral home in Palestine.

Zionist immigration

First Aliyah 1882-1903 - Around 35,000

Second Aliyah 1904 and 1914 - Between 35–40,000

When were the McMahon-Hussein letters  

July 1915 - March 1916

What were the McMahon-Hussein letters

correspondence is a series of letters that were exchanged during World War I, in which the government of the United Kingdom agreed to recognize Arab independence in a large region after the war

When was the Sykes-Picot Agreement

1916

What was the Sykes-Picot Agreement

secret treaty between the United Kingdom and France, with assent from Russia and Italy, to define their mutually agreed spheres of influence and control in an eventual partition of the Ottoman Empire.

When was the Balfour Declaration

1917

When was the Balfour Declaration

a public statement issued by the British Government in 1917 during the First World War announcing its support for the establishment of a "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine

British mandate of Palestine

• A League of Nations mandate for British administration of the territories of Palestine and Transjordan following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I.

• 1920–1948

When was the Arab-Revolt

1936-39

What was the Arab revolt

Rebellion by Arab forces, lead by the Hashemites against the Ottoman Empire to create an Arab state.

• Empire was then divided, not independent.

• Lead by Sharif Hussein Bin Ali and Emir Faisal.

• Lead to the White Paper in 1939, an attempt to appease the Arabs on Britain’s part.

David Ben-Gurion quotes on Palestine

• “We must do everything to insure they (the Palestinians) never do return.”

• “The old will die and the young will forget.” (Assuring his fellow Zionists that Palestinians will never come back to their homes)

When did Israel declare independence

May 14th

When did the Arab forces invade Israel

May 15th

What Arab forces invaded Israel in 1948

Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Iraq, Syria

Armistice with Egypt signed + biggest factor 

Jan 6th 1949 - Maintained control of Gaza

Armistice with Jordan signed + biggest factor 

March 4th 1949 - Maintained control of West Bank

Armistice with Syria signed + biggest factor

July 20th 1949 - Created a demilitarized zone between the countries

Consequences of Arab-Israeli war 1948 on Arab states

Palestinian state was incredibly unlikely - Arab states like Egypt and Transjordan gained land (The Gaza strip and the West Bank.)

• However it also became clear that the Arab countries weren’t as powerful as they once were

How many Israeli’s died during the Arab-Israeli war

Around 6000 Israeli’s died (4000 soldiers, 2000 civilians).

• This was 1% of the population

How many Palestinians died during the Arab-Israeli war

• conflicting reports

5,800 - 13,000 dead

How much more land did Israel gain in 1949

78% of what had been mandatory Palestine

When did Israel join the UN

May 11th it was admitted into the UN,

How many Jewish people moved to Israel between 1949-52

700,000 Jewish people moved to Israel.

What happened to Palestinian’s after the Arab-Israeli war? How many were there

There were around 155,000 Palestinian citizen’s left after the war, they were granted citizenship but had to live under military rule.

What was the british government white paper?

• Stated it wanted a free/ independent Palestinian state within ten years

  • neither specifically jewish or arab, a shared gov

effect of white paper on immigration

• restricted jewish immigration to 10,000 a year for 10 years

• 25,000 immediately due to refugee problem 

when was the egyptian republic established?

1952

when did nassar become president of egypt

1954

when did egypt announce their arms deal with czech

sept 1955

when did nassar nationalise the suez

july 1956

when did Israeli forces invade the suez

oct 29th

when was british/ french bombing of Egyptian airfield (due to suez)

oct 31st 1956

when did the UN call for Suez ceasefire?

Nov 6th 1956

(1956) what were general israeli-arab relations like?

• Arab states bitter after ‘49 loss

  • felt UN was bullied into making Israel

• Suspicious that the west would use Israel to spy

• No peace treaty - still some fighting

(1956) Israeli-Syrian relations 

• UN had convinced to make a demilitarized zone in Israel’s borders

  •  Contained lots of Arab villages

    • Israel tried to get rid of these villages, Syria shelled in response

• Disputes over Israel using water from River Jordan to water dry land

Israeli-Jordanian relations (1956)

• 1 million Palestinians granted full rights in Jordan

  • any trying to return home met ‘reprisals’ targeting arb villages

when was the peel commission partition plan

1937

when was the first Aliyah?

1882-1903

When was the second Aliyah

1904-1914

How many jews moved in the first Aliyah

35,000 - joining the 25,000 there

How many Jewish people moved to Palestine during the second Aliyah

35-40,000

When was the first self defense organization established

1909

how did jewish people established themselves in palestine

• reviving hebrew as a national language

• bought fertile farm land (expelling palestinians who lived there)

How many british troops assisted in the arab revolt

20,000 British troops

What did the british do during the arab revolt

• Kill arab leaders - Ak-Hajj Muhammad, Al-Asjah, Abu Durra

• Trained zionist millitas - eventually 15,000