Period 7 APUSH “anchor list” - Yanule copy (EXTENDED)

All these terms do not all need to be memorized

Big Sister Policy (1880)

A foreign policy of Secretary of State James G. Blaine aimed at rallying Latin American nations behind American leadership and opening Latin American markets to Yankee traders.

Great Rapprochement

American diplomats began to cultivate close, cordial relations with Great Britain at the end of the nineteenth century.

McKinley Tariff (1890)

This tariff raised duties on Hawaiian sugar and set off renewed efforts to secure the annexation of Hawaii to the United States.

Insurrectos

Cuban insurgents who sought freedom from colonial Spanish rule.

Maine (1898)

American battleship that blew up in Havana harbor, leading to calls for war against Spain.

Teller Amendment (1898)

A proviso to President McKinley's war plans that proclaimed the U.S. would give Cuba its freedom after overthrowing Spanish misrule.

Rough Riders (1898)

A colorful regiment of Cuban war volunteers organized by Theodore Roosevelt.

Anti-Imperialist League (1898-1921)

A diverse group formed to protest American colonial oversight in the Philippines.

Foraker Act (1900)

This accorded Puerto Ricans a limited degree of popular government.

Insular Cases (1901-1904)

Supreme Court cases that decreed the constitution did not follow the flag.

Platt Amendment (1901)

An amendment that limited Cuba's treaty-making abilities and allowed U.S. intervention.

Open Door Note (1899-1900)

Diplomatic letters urging great powers to respect Chinese rights and free competition.

Boxer Rebellion (1900)

An uprising in China against foreign influence, suppressed by an international force.

Hay-Pauncefote Treaty (1901)

A treaty giving Americans a free hand to build a canal in Central America.

Roosevelt Corollary (1904)

A policy of preventive intervention in Latin America advocated by Theodore Roosevelt.

Root-Takahira Agreement (1908)

Agreement between the U.S. and Japan to respect each other's territorial possessions.

Josiah Strong (1847-1916)

Protestant clergyman who promoted the superiority of Anglo-Saxon civilization.

Alfred Thayer Mahan (1840-1914)

American naval officer whose book argued that control of the sea was key to world dominance.

James G. Blaine (1830-1893)

American statesman who advocated a 'Big Sister' policy of U.S. domination in Latin America.

Richard Olney (1835-1917)

Successor to Blaine as secretary of state who stirred conflict with Great Britain.

Liliuokalani (1838-1917)

The last reigning queen of Hawaii, whose defense of self-rule led to her dethronement.

Butcher Weyler (1838-1930)

Spanish general notorious for herding civilians into reconcentration camps in Cuba.

Dupuy de Lôme (1851-1904)

Spanish minister whose private letter maligning President McKinley caused a scandal.

George Dewey (1837-1917)

Commander who captured Manila Bay at the start of the Spanish-American War.

Emilio Aguinaldo (1869-1964)

Filipino leader who fought against Spain and later against U.S. colonial rule.

William H. Taft (1857-1930)

Civil governor of the Philippines who later became the twenty-seventh president of the U.S.

John Hay (1838-1905)

U.S. ambassador to England and author of the Open Door note.

Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919)

Rough Rider who became president after McKinley's assassination.

Social Gospel

A reform movement led by Protestant ministers who used religious doctrine to demand better housing and living conditions for the urban poor.

Muckrakers

Bright young reporters at the turn of the twentieth century who wrote exposés of widespread corruption in American society.

Initiative

A progressive reform measure allowing voters to petition to have a law placed on the general ballot.

Referendum

A progressive reform procedure allowing voters to place a bill on the ballot for final approval.

Recall

A progressive ballot procedure allowing voters to remove elected officials from office.

Australian ballot

A system that allows voters privacy in marking their ballot choices.

Muller v. Oregon (1908)

A landmark Supreme Court case that accepted the constitutionality of limiting the hours of women workers.

Lochner v New York (1905)

A Supreme Court decision that invalidated a state law establishing a ten-hour day for bakers.

Elkins Act (1903)

Law passed by Congress to impose penalties on railroads that offered rebates to customers.

Meat Inspection Act (1906)

A law passed by Congress to subject meat shipped over state lines to federal inspection.

Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)

A law passed by Congress to inspect and regulate the labeling of all foods and pharmaceuticals intended for human consumption.

Hetch Hetchy Valley

The site where the federal government allowed the city of San Francisco to build a dam in 1913.

Dollar Diplomacy

A policy of supporting U.S. investments and political interests abroad.

Payne-Aldrich Bill (1909)

A bill intended to lower tariff rates but retained high rates on most imports.

New Freedom (1912)

Platform of reforms advocated by Woodrow Wilson including stronger antitrust legislation.

New Nationalism (1912)

State interventionist reform program advocated by Theodore Roosevelt during his Bull Moose presidential campaign.

Ida Tarbell (1857-1944)

The most eminent woman in the muckraking movement known for her history of the Standard Oil Company.

Henry Demarest Lloyd (1847-1903)

A muckraking journalist whose book Wealth against Commonwealth excoriated the Standard Oil Company.

Thorsten Veblen (1857-1929)

An economist who attacked 'predatory Wealth' and 'conspicuous consumption' in his book The Theory of the Leisure Class.

Jacob A. Riis (1849-1914)

A police reporter and photographer who exposed the ills of tenement living in his book How the Other Half Lives.

Robert M. La Follette (1855-1925)

A militant progressive Republican leader from Wisconsin who served in the Senate and was a perennial presidential contender.

Hiram W. Johnson (1866-1945)

Elected Republican governor of California in 1910 who oversaw numerous progressive reforms.

Florence Kelley (1859-1932)

A crusader for women's and labor rights and Illinois's first chief factory inspector.

Frances Willard (1839-1898)

Leader of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union who wished to eliminate the sale of alcohol.

Gifford Pinchot (1865-1946)

Head of the federal Division of Forestry and a noted conservationist.

John Muir (1838-1914)

A noted naturalist who founded the Sierra Club and advocated for the protection of natural environments.

Herbert Croly (1869-1930)

Political thinker whose book The Promise of American Life influenced the New Nationalist reform platform.

Underwood Tariff (1913)

This tariff greatly reduced rates and enacted an unprecedented, graduated federal income tax.

Federal Reserve Act (1913)

An act establishing twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks and a Federal Reserve Board to regulate banking.

Federal Trade Commission Act (1914)

This law empowered a commission to investigate illegal business practices in interstate commerce.

Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914)

Law extending the anti-trust protections of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act and exempting labor unions.

Holding Companies

Companies that own part or all of other companies' stock to extend monopoly control.

Workingmen's Compensation Act (1916)

This law granted assistance to federal civil-service employees during periods of disability.

Adamson Act (1916)

This law established an eight-hour day for all employees on trains involved in interstate commerce.

Jones Act (1916)

Law according territorial status to the Philippines and promising independence once a stable government was established.

Tampico Incident (1914)

An arrest of American sailors by the Mexican government that led to increased tensions between the U.S. and Mexico.

Central Powers

Germany and Austria-Hungary, later joined by Turkey and Bulgaria, made up this alliance against the Allies in WWI.

Allies

Great Britain, Russia, and France, later joined by Italy, Japan, and the U.S., formed this alliance against the Central Powers.

U-boats

German submarines that proved deadly for Allied ships in the war zone.

Lusitania

British passenger liner that sank after being torpedoed by Germany, pushing the U.S. closer to war.

Zimmerman Note (1917)

A proposal for a German-Mexican alliance against the U.S. that caused an uproar when intercepted.

Fourteen Points (1918)

Woodrow Wilson's proposal to ensure peace after WWI, calling for an end to secret treaties and a league of nations.

Committee on Public Information (1917)

A government office dedicated to winning support for the war effort during WWI.

Espionage Act (1917)

A law prohibiting interference with the draft and acts of national disloyalty.

Schenck v. United States (1919)

A Supreme Court decision that upheld the Espionage and Sedition Acts, limiting freedom of speech.

War Industries Board (1917)

A federal agency that coordinated industrial production during WWI.

Industrial Workers of the World (1905)

A radical organization that sought to build 'one big union' and advocated industrial sabotage.

Great Migration

The movement of 6 million African Americans from the rural South to the urban North and West.

Nineteenth Amendment (1920)

This amendment granted women the right to vote, passed by Congress in 1919 and ratified in 1920.

Sheppard-Towner Maternity Act (1921)

This act provided federally financed instruction in maternal and infant health care.

American Expeditionary Forces (AEF)

The U.S. Army force deployed to Europe in WWI.

Battle of Château-Thierry (1918)

The first significant engagement of American troops in WWI.

Meuse-Argonne offensive (1918)

An effort led by General John J. Pershing to cut German railroad lines supplying the western front.

League of Nations (1919)

A world organization proposed by President Wilson and established by the Treaty of Versailles.

Treaty of Versailles (1919)

The document that concluded WWI, imposing sharp terms on Germany and creating a mandate system.

Irreconcilables

A group of militant isolationists who opposed the League of Nations after WWI.

Louis Brandeis (1856-1941)

A progressive-minded confidant of Woodrow Wilson and the first Jewish American appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court.

Francisco ('Pancho') Villa (1877-1923)

A rival to Mexican president Carranza who tried to provoke the U.S. into war.

Arthur Zimmerman (1864-1940)

German foreign secretary during WWI and author of the Zimmerman Note proposing a German-Mexican alliance.

George Creel

The young, outspoken, and tactless journalist who was tapped to head the Committee on Public Information during World War I.

Eugene V. Debs

A tireless socialist leader who organized the American Railway Union in the Pullman Strike in 1894 and was convicted under World War I's Espionage Act.

William D. Haywood

A leader of the Industrial Workers of the World and the Socialist Party of America, feared as an American labor radical during World War I.

Herbert C. Hoover

A Quaker-humanitarian who headed the Food Administration during World War I and later became the president facing the Great Depression.

Alice Paul

A leading suffragist and feminist who co-founded the National Woman's party and advocated for the Equal Rights Amendment.

Bolshevik Revolution

The second stage of the Russian Revolution in November 1917 when Lenin and his Bolshevik party seized power.

Red Scare

A period of intense anticommunism marked by the Palmer raids and deportations of suspected subversives.

Criminal Syndicalism laws

Laws passed during the red scare that outlawed advocacy of violence for social change.

American Plan

A business-oriented approach to worker relations in the 1920s aimed at defeating unionization.

Immigration Act of 1924

A law establishing quotas for immigration, sharply curtailing immigration from southern and eastern Europe.

Eighteenth Amendment

A constitutional amendment prohibiting the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages.

Volstead Act

A federal act enforcing the Eighteenth Amendment regarding alcoholic beverages.

Racketeers

People who obtain money illegally through fraud, bootlegging, gambling, or threats of violence.