Inside the Cell - Biological Science Eighth Edition Chapter 7

These flashcards cover the key concepts from Chapter 7 of the Biological Science Eighth Edition, focusing on the structure and function of cells, including differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, the roles of various organelles, and the dynamics of the cytoskeleton.

What are the main components that all cells consist of according to cell theory?

Cells consist of proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and a plasma membrane.

What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotes lack a membrane-bound nucleus whereas eukaryotes have a membrane-bound nucleus.

What is the role of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?

The nucleus serves as the information center of eukaryotic cells where genetic information in DNA is decoded and processed.

What is the function of ribosomes in cells?

Ribosomes manufacture proteins and can be found free in the cytosol or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

What is the difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes and is involved in protein synthesis, while smooth endoplasmic reticulum lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis.

What is the Golgi apparatus's main function in a cell?

The Golgi apparatus processes, sorts, and ships proteins synthesized in the rough ER.

How do lysosomes function in cellular processes?

Lysosomes are recycling centers that digest large molecules into their monomers before they can be reused by the cell.

What is the significance of the cytoskeleton in cells?

The cytoskeleton provides structural support, maintains cell shape, and facilitates transport within the cell.

What are the three main types of cytoskeletal elements?

The three main types of cytoskeletal elements are actin filaments (microfilaments), intermediate filaments, and microtubules.

What is the 'signal hypothesis' in relation to proteins entering the endomembrane system?

The signal hypothesis states that proteins bound for the endomembrane system have a molecular zip code directing them to the rough ER.