Upper Extremity - MMT and Norm Values

Shoulder flexion MMT

Muscles - anterior delt and coracobrachialis

Position - sitting or standing

Shoulder extension MMT

Muscles - latissimus dorsi, posterior delt, teres major

Position - prone

Shoulder elevation MMT

Muscles - middle delt, supraspinatus

Position - sitting or standing

Shoulder horizontal abduction MMT

Muscles - posterior delt

Position - prone

Shoulder horizontal adduction MMT

Muscles - pectoralis major

Position - supine

Motion - clavicular fibers: arm toward opposite shoulder. Sternal fibers: arm toward opposite hip

Shoulder internal rotation MMT

Muscles - subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi

Position - prone with arm abducted to 90 degrees

Shoulder external rotation MMT

Muscles - teres minor, infraspinatus

Position - prone with shoulder abducted to 90 degrees

*use 2 fingers to apply resistance because these are smaller muscles

Upper trap/Levator scapulae MMT

Position - sitting

Motion - shrug shoulders

Lower trap MMT

Position - prone with arm abducted to 130 degrees and thumb up

*apply resistance in line with the muscle fibers/toward the elbow

Middle trap MMT

Position - prone with arm abducted to 90 degrees and thumb up

*apply resistance in line with the muscle fibers/toward the elbow

Rhomboid major and minor MMT

Position - prone with forearm behind back and supinated

Motion - lift palm towards the ceiling

*apply resistance in line with the muscle fibers/toward the elbow

Serratus anterior MMT

Position - sitting

Motion - punch towards ceiling (Protraction of the scapula)

Shoulder flexion norms

0-180

Shoulder extension norms

0-60

Shoulder elevation norms

0-180

Shoulder horizontal abduction norms

0-60

Shoulder horizontal adduction norms

0-135

Shoulder internal rotation norms

At 90 composite: 70

At 90 isolated: 45

Shoulder external rotation norms

At side: 60

At 90: 90

Wrist flexion norms

0-80

Wrist extension norms

0-70

Wrist radial deviation norms

0-20

Wrist ulnar deviation norms

0-30

Wrist flexion MMT

Muscles - flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus

Position - supinated

Wrist extension MMT

Muscles - extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris

Position - pronated