Lecture Exam #3 (Spring 2022)

The component of blood that is involved in immune system function is _____.

A) red blood cells
B) plasma
C) platelets
D) hemoglobin
E) white blood cells

E) white blood cells

Which of the following is an incorrect statement about pulmonary circulation?

A) Blood exits the right ventricle to enter pulmonary circulation.

B) The left atrium receives blood from pulmonary circulation.

C) Blood returning to the heart from pulmonary circulation is transported to the heart in the pulmonary veins.

D) Oxygenated blood exits the left ventricle to travel to the lungs.

E) Blood returning to the heart from the lungs is oxygenated.

D) Oxygenated blood exits the left ventricle to travel to the lungs.

Which of the following creates the pressure to move the blood throughout the cardiovascular system?

A) opening and closing of valves
B) gravity
C) contraction of cardiac muscle
D) pressure of the lymphatic fluid
E) arterial contraction

C) contraction of cardiac muscle

Which heart valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle?

A) aortic valve
B) bicuspid valve
C) pulmonary valve
D) tricuspid valve
E) semilunar valve

B) bicuspid valve

Which of the following is a correct statement about systemic circulation?

A) Partially oxygenated blood exits the right ventricle to travel to the organ systems.

B) Oxygenated blood exits the left ventricle to travel to the organ systems.

C) Blood returning to the heart from systemic circulation enters the left atrium.

D) Blood picks up oxygen during systemic circulation.

E) Blood exits the heart via the superior and inferior vena cavae to enter systemic circulation.

B) Oxygenated blood exits the left ventricle to travel to the organ systems.

The phase of the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles are relaxing is known as_______ .

A) systole
B) diastole

B) diastole

The phase of the cardiac cycle in which blood is ejected from the ventricles is known as_______ .

A) systole
B) diastole

A) systole

The amount of blood ejected from the heart during systole is called the _____.

A) cardiac output
B) end-diastolic volume
C) stroke volume
D) contraction volume
E) mean arterial pressure

C) stroke volume

What is the cause of the heart sounds, "lub" and "dub"?

A) opening of the heart valves
B) closure of the venous valves
C) the Korotkoff sounds
D) the skeletal muscle pump
E) closure of the heart valves

E) closure of the heart valves

Which of the following processes leads to contraction of cardiac muscle cells?

A) polarization
B) depolarization
C) hyperpolarization
D) repolarization

B) depolarization

In an ECG trace, the T wave results from _______.

A) spread of depolarization into the ventricles
B) spread of atrial depolarization
C) atrial relaxation
D) repolarization of the ventricles

D) repolarization of the ventricles

_____ of arterioles increases resistance and decreases blood flow.

A) vasodilation
B) vasoconstriction
C) relaxation
D) breakage
E) excitation-contraction

B) vasoconstriction

In the cardiovascular system, where does the exchange of substances between the bloodstream, interstitial fluid (ISF), and cells occur?

A) veins
B) alveoli
C) arterioles
D) capillaries
E) arteries

D) capillaries

Atherosclerosis can lead to coronary artery disease.

A) True
B) False

A) True

Which of the following factors does not affect cardiac output?

A) heart rate

B) stroke volume

C) epinephrine

D) end-diastolic volume

E) All of the factors listed above affect cardiac output.

E) All of the factors listed above affect cardiac output.

The strength of contraction of cardiac muscle (contractility) is increased by which of the following?

A) acetylcholine
B) NaCl
C) Starling forces
D) epinephrine
E) parasympathetic nervous system

D) epinephrine

The fluid component of the blood always stays within the bloodstream and does not filter out of blood vessels.

A) True
B) False

B) False

The cardiovascular system and renal system work together to maintain blood volume.

A) True
B) False

A) True

The average pressure during the cardiac cycle is called _____.

A) pulse pressure
B) diastolic pressure
C) mean venous pressure
D) systolic pressure
E) mean arterial pressure

E) mean arterial pressure

During moderate and heavy exercise, blood flow to the digestive organs _____.

A) decreases
B) increases
C) stays the same / does not change

A) decreases

Blood pressure measured in the arteries is _____ than blood pressure measured in the veins.

A) higher
B) lower
C) the same as

A) higher

What do baroreceptors do?

A) They control the cardiac cycle.
B) They respond to changes in blood pH.
C) They cause the heart to contract and relax.
D) They respond to changes in blood pressure.
E) They respond to changes in [Na+].

D) They respond to changes in blood pressure.

Excessive fluid loss, such as due to vomiting or severe sweating, can lead to _____.

A) hemorrhage
B) atherosclerosis
C) hypotension
D) hypertension
E) heart failure

C) hypotension

What does vasodilation mean?

A) decreased diameter of blood vessels.
B) increased diameter of bronchioles
C) increased filtration of plasma out of capillary walls
D) decreased osmosis across capillary walls
E) increased diameter of blood vessels

E) increased diameter of blood vessels

Heart failure is another name for heart attack.

A) True
B) False

B) False

The nasal cavities are part of the respiratory system.

A) True
B) False

A) True

When Palv > Patm, _____ then occurs.

A) contraction of the diaphragm
B) relaxation of the diaphragm
C) inspiration
D) expiration
E) increased lung volume

D) expiration

What is the main reason that inspiration of air occurs?

A) Patm decreases due to relaxation of the diaphragm
B) Patm increases due to relaxation of the diaphragm
C) Palv decreases due to relaxation of the diaphragm
D) Palv decreases due to contraction of the diaphragm
E) Palv increases due to contraction of the diaphragm

D) Palv decreases due to contraction of the diaphragm

In the respiratory system, the main gas exchange surfaces or structures are the _____

A) cilia
B) bronchi
C) alveoli
D) lungs

C) alveoli

The amount of air that moves into or out of the airways during a single breathing cycle is called the expiratory reserve volume.

A) True
B) False

B) False

If PO2 in the alveoli is greater than PO2 in the capillaries that surround the alveoli, in which direction will O2 diffuse?

A) It will diffuse into the capillaries.
B) It will diffuse out of the capillaries.
C) It will diffuse into the airways.
D) It will diffuse into the alveoli.

A) It will diffuse into the capillaries.

What causes PCO2 to increase in the cells of the body?

A) delivery of CO2 to the cells
B) delivery of CO2 to the alveoli
C) increased O2 in the cells
D) metabolic processes in the cells

D) metabolic processes in the cells

When is there decreased ventilation?

A) During hypoventilation
B) During hyperventilation

A) During hypoventilation

What substance serves as a buffer for H+ in the bloodstream?

A) HCO3-
B) CO2
C) O2
D) Fe
E) H2O

A) HCO3-

How is O2 transported in the blood?

A) It binds to hemoglobin.
B) It is dissolved in plasma.
C) It is dissolved in red blood cells.
D) All of the above

D) All of the above

During exercise, ventilation decreases.

A) True
B) False

B) False

Urine exits the kidney via the _____.

A) urinary tubule
B) ureter
C) urethra
D) renal pelvis
E) collecting duct

B) ureter

What is the inner layer of the kidney called?

A) renal pyramid
B) renal cortex
C) renal medulla
D) adrenal cortex
E) renal pelvis

C) renal medulla

Which of the following is not a primary function of the kidneys?

A) regulates oxygen concentration in the body

B) regulates Na+ concentration in the body

C) regulates K+ concentration in the body

D) regulates blood volume

E) maintains acid-base balance in the body

A) regulates oxygen concentration in the body

In the nephron, fluid filters from the _____ into the ____.

A) glomerular capsule; glomerulus
B) glomerulus; peritubular capillaries
C) renal artery; glomerulus
D) glomerular capsule; tubule
E) glomerulus; glomerular capsule

E) glomerulus; glomerular capsule

In the nephron, _____ of blood is not filtered.

A) 1-2 L
B) 180 L
C) 20%
D) 80%
E) 50%

D) 80%

In the nephron, fluid is reabsorbed from the _____ into the ____.

A) glomerular capsule; efferent arteriole
B) glomerulus; peritubular capillaries
C) collecting duct; renal vein
D) loop of Henle; glomerulus
E) tubule; peritubular capillaries

E) tubule; peritubular capillaries

What is another term for urination?

A) secretion
B) micturition
C) filtration
D) renal clearance

B) micturition

The countercurrent multiplier system does which of the following?

A) pumps Cl- out of the tubule
B) secretes NaCl into the urine
C) allows water to diffuse out of the ascending limb
D) pumps Na+ out of the tubule
E) absorbs water into the tubule

D) pumps Na+ out of the tubule

When ADH (anti-diuretic hormone or vasopressin) is secreted, what is the resulting effect on urine volume?

A) It increases.
B) It decreases.
C) It doesn't change.

B) It decreases.

Addition of K+ from the peritubular capillaries into the filtrate is called _____.

A) filtration
B) micturition
C) diuresis
D) secretion
E) reabsorption

D) secretion

When there is excess glucose in the urine, this is called glucosuria.

A) True
B) False

A) True

The kidneys play a role in maintaining the pH of the blood.

A) True
B) False

A) True

In the reversible CO2 reaction, the buffer for H+ is _____.

A) water
B) carbon dioxide
C) carbonic acid
D) bicarbonate
E) oxygen

D) bicarbonate