Google IT Support Professional Certificate

What is Information Technology (IT)?

IT is the use of digital technology to store and process data into useful information

What is the digital divide?

The difference between those who are digitally/technically literate and those who are not

What is the most commonly used keyboard layout?

QWERTY

Who invented punch cards?

Joseph Jacquard

Who and what reinvented the textile industry?

Joseph Jacquard and his invention of the punch card

Punch cards were the first __________ system used for machines.

Binary

How did punch cards store data?

In the holes

Who developed the first algorithm for the analytical machine?

Ada Lovelace

What is an algorithm?

A series of steps that solves specific problems

What was the first example of computer programming?

An algorithm

Why was the Analytical engine considered the first general purpose computing machine in history?

Because of the discovery of programmable algorithms

What is cryptography?

The act of writing and solving codes

Cryptography plays a role in ____ communication.

secure

The enigma machine was a ___ military invention.

German

Who played a key role in cracking the enigma machine?

Alan Turning

What are magnetic tapes?

magnetic tape magnetizes data onto a tape, like vinyl records

What do vacuum tubes do?

control electricity voltage

What was one of the earliest forms of general purpose computers?

The ENIAC

The ENIAC was one of the earliest forms of _________ _________ computers.

general purpose

Who invented the compiler?

Admiral Grace Hopper

What does the compiler do?

translates human language via a programming language into machine code

What was the first computer to implement a graphical user interface that used icons, a mouse, and a window?

The Xerox Alto

The Xerox Alto was the first computer to implement what?

a graphical user interface that used icons, a mouse, and a window

Who was Richard Stallman?

A programmer who developed a free Unix-like operating system (OS) call GNU

Who developed a free Uni-like OS called GNU?

Richard Stallman

What was the foundation for the formation of Linux?

GNU

Who created Linux?

Linus Torvalds

True or False: Commercial software is free.

False - it's paid for

True or False: Open-source software can be freely distributed, modified, and shared

True

What does PDA stand for?

Personal Digital Assistant

What type of communication does a computer use?

a binary system

What is another name for binary system?

Base-2 numeral system

How is a binary grouped?

into 8 digits

What is a bit?

a binary digit

What is a byte?

a group of 8 bits

8 bits = ___ byte

1

1 byte = ___ bits

8

Each byte can store how many characters?

1

How many possible values are there, thanks to the Base-2 system?

256

What does character encoding do?

It assigns our binary values to characters, so that we as humans can read them

What is the oldest digital encoding standard used?

ASCII

What is ASCII?

It represents the English alphabet, digits, and punctuation marks.

What is the most prevalent encoding standard used today?

UTF8

How does UTF8 allow us to store a character?

in more than one byte

What system is the UTF8 built off?

Unicode system

What does the Unicode System do?

It helps us represent character encoding in a consistent manner

What is the RGB model?

Red, Green and blue model

What number does the hole represent in the punch card system?

1

Logic gates allow ________ to do more complex tasks, like decide where to send electrical signals depending on logical conditions.

transistors

What is a logic gate?

An electronic component that can be used to conduct electricity based on a rule

What is the output of the gate?

it's the result of applying a rule to one or more inputs

The _____ of the gate is the result of applying this rule to one or more inputs

output

Logic gates are digital components that normally work at only ___ levels of voltage.

2

What are the two levels of voltage for logic gates digital components?

A positive level and zero level

Logic gates commonly works on two states: on and off

On = voltage is ______

Off = voltage is at ______

On = voltage is positive

Off = voltage is at zero

The "on" state usually uses a voltage in the range of?

3.5 to 5 volts

What do logic gates compare?

They compare the state of their inputs to decide what the state of their output should be

Logic gates are electronic versions of _________ logic?

Boolean

_______ tables tell you what the output will be, depending on the inputs

truth

What are truth tables?

They tell you what the output will be, depending on the inputs

How many inputs does the AND logic gate have?

two

The AND logic gate output is on ONLY if ___________.

both inputs are on

The OR logic gate has ___ inputs.

2

The output of an OR gate will be on if _________

at least one of the inputs are on

The output of an OR gate will be ______ if both inputs are off.

off

How many inputs does the NOT logic gate have?

1

With the NOT logic gate, if the input is ON then the output will be ______.

off

Which logic gate is sometimes called an inverter?

NOT

How does NOT logic change signals?

From On to Off or Off to On

What is the XOR logic gate also known as?

exclusive or

How many inputs does the XOR gate have?

2

When will the XOR gate be true?

If the two inputs are different from each other

Which gate will have an off output when both inputs are the same?

XOR

T or F: For the XOR gate to be true, both inputs cannot match.

True

What does NAND mean?

Both

Which gate means "not and"?

NAND

NAND gate will always output true unless?

Both inputs are on

The NAND gate won't work if ______

both inputs are on

Which gate means "not exclusive or"?

XNOR

Which gates are opposite of one another?

XNOR and XOR

XNOR gate will only output true if both inputs are ______.

the same

What is the fundamental communication block of computers?

Binary

How do computers count?

The binary system

What is the decimal form or Base-10 system?

It only has 10 possible numbers you can use ranging from 0 to 9

What system do we use to figure out what bits our computer can use?

the decimal system

T or F: We can represent any number in existence just by using bits

true

What is the highest decimal value we can represent with a byte?

255

What are the four main layers of a computer?

1. hardware

2. software

3. operating system

4. users

What is the hardware layer made of?

the physical components of a computer

What does the OS do?

allows hardware to communicate with the system

What does the software layer do?

it's how we as humans interact with our computers

What are ports?

connections that we can connect devices to that extend the functionality of our computer

____ are connection points that we can connect devices to that extend the functionality of our computer?

ports

What is often called the brain of the computer?

the CPU

What does CPU stand for?

Central processing unit

What does the CPU do?

it does all of the calculations and data processing

What does the CPU communicate heavily with?

The RAM

What does RAM stand for?

Random Access Memory

What is RAM?

the computer's short term memory

What stores long term memory?

the hard drive