Ap Chem 1/23

what is the goal for bonding

become stable (lowest energy) electron formation

share e-

covalent (NM+NM)

transfer e-

ionic (M+NM)

delocalized e-

Hot potato——are electrons that are not associated with a single atom or bond, allowing for resonance structures in molecules.

isomer

same formula but different arrangement of atoms

resonance

same formula same arrangement of atoms, different arrangement of electrons

what does VSEPR stand for ?

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory

what does VSEPR do

determines the shape of a molecule

what is hydrophilic

Polar

what is hydrophobic

Nonpolar

1 atom 0 L.P.

linear (180)

2 atom 0 L.P.

linear (180)

hybridization of linear structure(1atom 0LP)

sp

hybridization of linear structure(2atom 0LP)

sp

3 atoms 0 L.P.

trigonal planor (120)

hybridization of trigonal planor structure(3atom 0LP)

sp2

4 atoms 0 L.P.

tetrahedral (109.5)

hybridization of tetrahedral structure(4atom 0LP)

sp3

3 atoms 1L.P.

trigonal pyramidal (107)

hybridization of trigonal pyramidal structure(3atom 1LP)

sp3

2 atoms 2 L.P.

Bent (104.5)

hybridization of a bent structure(2atom 2LP)

sp3

1 atom 3 L.P.

Linear (180°)

hybridization of a linear structure(1atom 3LP)

sp3

5 atoms 0 L.P.

trigonal bipyramidal (90 and 120)

hybridization of a trigonal bipyramidal (5atom 0LP)

sp3d

6 atoms 0 L.P.

octahedral (90)

hybridization of octahedral structure (6 atoms 0 L.P.)

sp3d2

single bond

sigma

2nd or 3rd bond

Pi bond

what is the electron negativity difference of a polar bond

greater than or equal to 0.4

what is the covalent bond if the dipoles cancel out

non polar

is a linear structure polar or non polar

non polar

is a trigonal planor structure polar or non polar

non polar

is a octahedral structure polar or non polar

non polar

is a tetrahedral structure polar or non polar

non polar

is a by pyramidal structure polar or non polar

non polar

is a bent structure polar or non polar

polar

is a trigonal pyramidal structure polar or non polar

polar

what is an alloy

mixture of two or more metals

what type of bonding is an alloy

metalic bonding

what is an example of an alloy

brass

what two metals are in brass

copper and zync

similar size alloy

substitute alloy

alloy that is made between on different size alloys

interstitial alloy

what type of alloy increases density

interstitial alloy

what is the electron C (ions)

hot potato *nothing wants to pick it up*

how does a substitute alloy work? example Cu+Zn

Zn substitutes where the Cu is