chapter 27

1945-1991

the cold war

1950-1953

the Korean war

1965-1973

the Vietnam war (conflict)

1948

israel is founded

1. satellite

2. international trade

3. expand

4. communism

fill in the blank

the soviet’s goals were to:

1. Conquer “_______” nations

2. Increase their ________ _____ 

3. _______ Russia’s borders

4. Spread ____________

iron curtain

Winston Churchill’s description of Russia’s control over Eastern Europe

cold war

a war of words, laws, and ideas between the Soviet Union (Communists) and the Free World (America and Western Nations)

1. soviet union

2. free world

fill in the blank

the cold war was a war of words, laws, and ideas between the _______ _______ (Communists) and the ______ ______ (America and Western Nations)

truman doctrine

American financial aid to any nation threatened by Communism

marshall plan

Secretary of State George C. Marshall’s plan to accelerate Western Europe’s economic recoverythrough extensive financial aid and support to rebuild after World War II.

point 4 program

Truman’s financial program for underdeveloped countries worldwide

north atlantic treaty organization (NATO)

defense pact against Soviet aggression in North Atlantic or Western European nations; opposed by the Soviet Warsaw Pact

warsaw pact

fill in the blank

NATO was opposed by the ______ _____

• germany

• berlin

fill in the blank

after WWII, _______ and ______ were split into several sections for the Allies to rebuild

berlin airlift

provided aid to West Berlin after the Soviet blockade of their city

federal republic of germany

recognized nation of Western Germany (1955)

konrad adenauer

leader of West Germany (with the aid of Ludwig Erhard and his economic system)

ludwig erhard

fill in the blank

Konrad Adenauer was the leader of West Germany with the aid of ________ _______ and his economic system

geneva summit

meeting of the Soviet Union and several other nations to work toward “peaceful coexistence”

nikita khrushchev

dictator of Russia after Stalin

spy plane

fill in the blank

before Khrushchev and Eisenhower met in Paris in 1959, a ____ ____ was shot down over Russia

francis gary powers

pilot shot down over Russia; the conference was called off

berlin wall

built to close E. Berlin in 1961

arms race

race for nations to possess the atomic bomb and the hydrogen bomb

international atomic energy act

agency designed to control all of the uses of atomic energy

atoms for peace

Eisenhower’s program for the use of nuclear material for peaceful purposes

henry kissinger

perhaps the most influential person in Cold War foreign policy

detente

an official policy of lessened tensions between 2 nations

• SALT

• SALT II

agreement with Leonid Breshnev attempted to limit nuclear weapons in the world; the Soviet Union did not follow through

guam

became a US territory in 1950

jones act

allowed Filipino to voters to elect a Senate and an assembly

tydings-mcduffie act

provided that the Philippines would become independent in 1946

july 4, 1946

when did the Philippines become independent?

douglas macarthur

led the occupation to rebuild Japan after WWII

japanese peace treaty conference

ended the Allied occupation of Japan and started to rebuild strained relations

1950-1953

dates for the Korean war

38th parallel

dividing line between North and South Korea

north korea

Communist; its capital is Pyongyang

pyongyang

capital of north korea

south korea

Free; its capital is Seoul

seoul

capital of south korea

june 25, 1950

North Korea invaded South Korea

douglas macarthur

Supreme commander of American / South Korean forces

pusan perimeter

fill in the blank

South Korea and US troops were pushed back to the ______ ________

inchon

fill in the blank

MacArthur planned an amphibious invasion at ______ and drove the Communists out of South Korea and into North Korea

chinese

fill in the blank

_______ reinforcements caused Americans to retreat South

removed

fill in the blank

MacArthur was ________ from his position by President Truman

mao zedong

leader of the Chinese Communist

chiang kai-shek

leader of the Chinese Nationalists

american

fill in the blank

after withdrawal of ________ support, the Communists took control of China in 1949

taiwan

fill in the blank

Chiang Kai-Shek and the Nationalists were forced to flee _______

nixon

fill in the blank

president ______ went on a “goodwill tour” of China in 1972

french indochina

French-controlled Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam

geneva accords

conference that agreed to the splitting of Vietnam (17th Parallel)

17th

fill in the blank

Vietnam is split at the ____ parallel

north vietnam

Communist; Hanoi was the capital and it was led by Ho Chi Minh

1. hanoi

2. ho chi minh

fill in the blank

north vietnam was communist; ______ was the capital and it was led by ____ _____ _____

south vietnam

Capitalist; Saigon was the capital and Ngo Dinh Diem was elected their president

1. saigon

2. ngo dinh diem

fill in the blank

south vietnam was capitalist; ______ was the capital and ____ ____ ______ was elected their president

SEATO

America and their Asian allies’ anti-Communist alliance

south east asia treaty organization

what does SEATO stand for?

green berets

sent to South Vietnam to train and aid their troops

1965-1973

dates for the Vietnam war

gulf of tonkin incident

North Vietnamese boats allegedly attacked American ships in 1964

legal justification

fill in the blank

the gulf of tonkin resolution provided _____ ________ for US involvement in the war

1965

fill in the blank

in _____, Johnson sent the first combat troops into Vietnam under the leadership of William Westmoreland

william westmoreland

fill in the blank

in 1965, Johnson sent the first combat troops into Vietnam under the leadership of _______ ____________

tet offensive

North Vietnamese surprise attack on South Vietnam during the holiday in 1968

tet offensive

turning point of the vietnam war

loss

fill in the blank

South Vietnamese and American troops stopped the attack, but US media portrayed the tet offensive as a _____

anti-war

fill in the blank

during the test offensive, _____-___ protests/riots became common

my lai

fill in the blank

The Charlie Company’s ___ ____ massacre aided the anti-war sentiment in America

1973

fill in the blank

North Vietnam and America signed a cease-fire in _____

1975

fill in the blank

American involvement in Vietnam ended in ______

communism

fill in the blank

One week after American evacuation Vietnam fell to ___________

puerto rico

fill in the blank

the US gained ______ _____ as a result of the Spanish-American War

operation bootstrap

a campaign to increase industrial output in Puerto Rico

fulgencio batista

pro-American dictator of Cuba

fidel castro

Cuban revolutionary who sought to overthrow Cuba’s government

26th of july movement

organized as a 2nd attempt to overthrow the government of Cuba

• cuba

• 1959

fill in the blank

castro became the dictator of ______ in _____

bay of pigs incident

Cuban freedom fighters fled Cuba seeking training and aerial cover from the US in an attempt to liberate Cuba from Castro

kennedy

fill in the blank

in the bay of pigs incident, president ________ backed out and the amphibious invasion failed

cuban missile crisis

Russia began to use Cuba as a base for nuclear missiles in 1962; Missiles were removed after JFK ordered a naval blockade and threatened military involvement

russia

fill in the blank

in the cuban missile crisis, ______ began to use Cuba as a base for nuclear missiles in 1962

JFK

fill in the blank

in the cuban missile crisis, missiles were removed after ____ ordered a naval blockade and threatened military involvement

carter

fill in the blank

President ______ negotiated to surrender American control of the Panama Canal Zone to calm anti-American violence in Panama

republic of the congo

fill in the blank

the Belgian Congo gained its independence and was named the ________ ___ ____ _______

patrice lumumba

pro-Soviet premier of the Congo

dr. paul e. carlson

martyred American medical missionary

apartheid

racial segregation program in South Africa

eisenhower doctrine

gave the President power to use force against communist aggression in the Middle East and granted $200 million for economic and military aid in Arab states

gamal abdel nasser

president of Egypt who strongly opposed Israel

aswan high dam

energy project in the upper Nile

suez canal crisis

Egypt tried to seize the canal in 1956 after military problems with Israel and financial problems with America

egypt

fill in the blank

with the suez canal crisis, America and the UN pressured ______, and all military forces withdrew

1948

the US and Great Britain sponsored the establishment of the state of Israel in what year?

six-day war

successful preemptive attack by the nation of Israel (1967)

yom kippur war

invasion of Israel during a Jewish holy day; Israel won and a truce was negotiated

camp david accords

first peace treaty signed between an Arabic nation (Egypt) and Israel