APUSH Ch.4

John Peter Zenger

John Peter Zenger

Journalist that question the policies of New York in the 1700s. He was jailed; he sued; this court case was the basis for our freedom of speech and press. He was found not guilty.

Glorious revolution

Bloodless revolution in 1688 where James The second was removed from the throne and replace with William and Mary; in America, Andros was removed in the form of government was reset up.

Divine Right of Kings

European political doctrine, that offended monarchial absolutism, which asserted that kings, derive their authority from God, and cannot therefore be held accountable for their actions by any earthly authority

John Locke

English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract "in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed in which the government serve the people. He famously said "people have natural rights to life, liberty and property "

Liberty of Conscience

Doctrine defended by Roger Williams that noted to church and state ought to be separate

Slavery

The ownership of human beings. This institution was brought to the Americas by Europeans, and remain until 1865 when was outlawed by the 13th amendment.

Middle passage

The middle portion of the forced journey that slaves made from Africa to America in the 1600s. Many slaves perished on the segment of the journey.

Stono slave rebellion

In 1739 the largest uprising of enslaved people in the colonies took place. Near Charleston, South Carolina, a group of slaves burn buildings and kill people as I try to escape to freedom in Florida the local militia stop them.

Salem witch trials

A series of trials in which people were accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts between January 1692 in May 1693. This resulted in the death 20 people, mostly women. Caused by church, politics, family, feuds, and hysterical children, all of which unfold in a vacuum, a political authority.

Roles of women

In this environment, women work and sign to the Richard rolls of mother, wife, and caretakers. They're only job is producing obedient, religious children

Growth of trade in the colonies

Port cities, such as Boston, Philadelphia, New York in Charleston benefit from your location as a group and population from the booming trade

Smallpox

Deadly disease that Europeans brought to the New World. It's spread rapidly to the Native Americans before Columbus, modern America had approximately 10 million natives. After 1800 the native population of trunk by 90%

Mercantilism

Economic system in 18th century Europe, where the government increase your nations wealth for regulation of all the nations, commercial interest and exports

Capitalism

System of economic production based on the private ownership of property and the contractual exchange for the profit of goods, labor, and money. A modern example is the US economy.

Navigation acts of 1650 and 1660

Laws that govern trade between England and its colonies. Colonist were required to exclusively ship, certain items, such as sugar, tobacco and cotton to England. These acts angered colonist because they were for bidden from trading with other countries for higher prices.

Triangle trade

A result of mercantilism were the Americas, Woodson raw materials, such as fish to Europe and Africa, Europe supplied African America, with finished goods in Africa, captured and transported slaves to the Americas

Exchange of information

The increased information exchange due to greater trade

Social classes

In the 1730s, the 3 tiered system emerged as the wealthy look down upon the lowest class the working class and the middle class

Age of enlightenment

18th century movement in western philosophy this age was characterized by optimism that was tempered by the realistic recognition of the sad state of the human condition in the need for major reforms

First Great Awakening

Period of religious revival, promoted by religious leaders, such as George Whitfield and Jonathan Edwards. This was characterized by corporate prayer doctrine, emotionalism, music opener, meetings, testimonies, emphasis on the Holy Spirit and social action. Between 1730s and 1770s.

Jonathan Edwards

American theologian and congregational clergyman who sermon stirred the religious revival, called the great awakening. Known for his "sinners in the hands of an angry god "sermon.

George Whitefield

English American minister who toured the colonies, helping spread the spiritual revival. He was the most popular preacher of the great awakening in America, due to his preaching style of preaching anywhere. It was sad that he could move you to tears.

Old and New Lights

Old lights were simply orthodox members of the clergy, who believe that the new ways of revivals in emotional preaching we're unnecessary; new lights were the more modern, thinking members of the clergy strongly believed in the great awakening

Benjamin Franklin

Founding father, that was a Well He was a campaigner for early American unity through the Pennsylvania gazette. He signed both the declaration of independence and the constitution.

Albany Plan of Union

Supposal by the Albany Congress, in 1754 under the guidance of Ben Franklin during the French and Indian war, he called for a confederation of colonies to defend against attack by European and native foes