Chapter 17 & 18

functions of blood

functions of blood

transport, protection, regulation

transport functions include

delivering O2 and nutrients to body cells

Regulation function include

maintaining body temp by absorbing and distributing heat

protection functions include

preventing blood loss and infection

right atrium

collects deoxygenated blood from body

right ventricle

pumps oxygen deported blood to lungs

left atrium

receives blood that is oxygen rich

left ventricle

pumps oxygen blood to tissue

tricuspid valve

one way valve to prevent regurgitation of blood

Mitral=

Biscupid

mitral

makes sure blood flows from atrium to left ventricle

pulmonary trunk

helps oxygen poor blood reach your lungs

pulmonary artery

carries oxygen poor blood from heart to lungs

lungs

add oxygen to your blood

aortic semilunar valve

closes preventing blood from flowing backward into left ventricle

Aorta

control blood flow in the heat

systemic circulation

your body

ventricular is thicker

left

erythocytes

red blood cells

erythrocytes

carry oxygen from your lungs to your tissues

leukocytes

white blood cells

leukocytes

they help the body fight infections and other diseases

granulocytes

3 types neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils

neutrophils

50-70% of WBCs, about twice size of RBCs, Nucleus is multilobed; functions as a phagocyte; contains fine indistinct granules.

Eosinophils

account for 2-4%, Nucleus has two lobes; contains granules of lysosomal enzymes; functions in attacking parasitic worms and plays complex roles in inflammatory diseases like allergies and asthma.

Basophils

rarest WBCs, only 0.5-1%, Contains a U- or an S-shaped nucleus; granules stain very dark; releases histamine and heparin.Which of the following is characteristic of all leukocytes?

histamine

inflammatory chemical that acts as vasodilator and attracts WBCs to inflamed sites

Pericardium

double walled sac that surrounds heart made up of two layers

parietal layer

lines internal surface of fibrous pericardium

visceral layer

on external surface of heart

Anemia

blood loss, not enough RBCs produced

Polycythemia

abnormal excess of RBCs

Pulmonary circuit pumps

blood to lungs to. get rid of CO2 and pick up O2

systemic circuit pumps

blood to body tissue

Left side of heart

four pulmonary veins → left atrium → mitral valve → left ventricle → aortic semilunar valve → aorta → systemic circulation

Right side of heart

SVC, IVC, coronary sinus → right atrium → tricuspid valve → right ventricle → pulmonary semilunar valve → pulmonary trunk → pulmonary arteries → lungs

composition of blood

only fluid tissue in body

blood

is sticky, opaque fluid with metallic taste

High 02

scarlet red

Low O2

dark red

male volume

5-6 L

female volume

4-5 L

What organ would blood clots from the lower legs have to pass through to get to the lungs?

heart

Which of the following would help promote blood clot formation in the lower limbs?

heart failure

Which of these represents the majority of whole blood by volume?

plasma

what is a hematocrit

Hematocrit is the percentage of erythrocytes in a whole blood sample.

Which of these is true of the materials making up the buffy coat in centrifuged blood?

They are intermediate in density between erythrocytes and plasma

Which of the following is NOT regulated by the blood?

nutrient levels

What is the average normal pH range of blood?

7.35-7.45

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?

hormone production

Which of the following is NOT a formed element in whole blood?

albumin

Which of the following would NOT be a characteristic of normal blood?

less viscous than water

If you centrifuge (spin) whole blood, you will find the red blood cells (erythrocytes) at the bottom of the tube and white blood cells atop them. This implies that ________.

red blood cells have a greater density than white blood cells

If you centrifuge (spin) whole blood you will find the band of white blood cells and platelets (the Buffy coat) is much thinner than the packed red blood cells below it. This difference reflects the fact that ________.

white blood cells are fewer in number than red blood cells

Oxygen is attached to _______.

an iron atom located on the heme portion of hemoglobin

The oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is evaluated using _______

hematocrit measurements and hemoglobin measurements

Release of which of the following hormones results in higher levels of erythrocytes?

testosterone and erythropoietin

Which type of anemia is a genetic disorder resulting in abnormally shaped erythrocytes?

sickle cell anemia

Which type of leukocyte is responsible for antibody production?

lymphocytes

Which granulated leukocyte is most likely to be active during a bacterial infection?

neutrophils

Which of the following is characteristic of all leukocytes?

They are nucleated.

Leukemia refers to cancerous conditions involving white blood cells.

true