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Leopold died in
1948
When was A Sand County Almanac published? By Who?
1949, by his son Luna
What does Part 1 of the Sand County Almanac tell?
"the shack" tells of what his family sees and does as it's week-end refuge from too much modernity. About their farm in Wisconsin
What does Part 2 of Sand County Almanac tell?
"Sketches here and There," tells of episodes in his life that taught him that the company is out of step: conservation
What does part 3 tell?
"the upshot" some ideas where we dissenters rationalize our dissent. philosophical questions
Why is conservation getting nowhere?
because it is incompatible with our Abrahamic concept of land.
Why do we abuse land?
because we see it as a commodity belonging to us.
When can we begin to use land with love and respect?
when we view it as a community we are a part of
Basic concept of ecology?
that land is a community
our bigger-and-better society is now like a hypochondriac, so obsessed with its own economic health as to have lost the capacity to remain healthy.
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One of the earliest datable events of the beginning of the year?
Skunk waking up from hibernation, its tracks in the snow
January observation...
can be as simple and peaceful as snow, and continuous as cold.
January- why is the meadow mouse in broad daylight?
probably grieved about the thraw. His tunnels are exposed and are now only paths that can be seen
January- what does meadow mouse use grass for?
store it underground as haystacks
January- what does meadow mouse use snow for?
build subways from haystack to haystack; means freedom from want and fear.
January- rough-leg hawk and grass?
he does not care about the grass
January- what is an indicator that rough-leg hawk can eat?
he knows that snow melts so that they can eat meadow mice, whose tunnels are exposed.
January- What does a thaw mean to a rough-leg hawk?
freedom of want and fear
January- what did the thaw bring to the rabbit?
freedom from want, but reckless abandonment of fear (got swept up by an owl)
January- what did the owl teach the rabbit?
that thoughts of spring are no substitute for caution
January- what did Aldo follow throughout january?
a skunk track
January- where diid the skunk track end up?
upon some driftwood, hearing the sound of trickling water.
January title
January Thaw
February title
Good Oak
the two spiritual dangers of not owning a farm
1) supposing breakfast comes from the grocery 2) heat comes from the furnace
February- what should one do to avoid the first danger of not owning a farm?
plant a garden
February- what should one do to avoid the second danger of not awning a farm?
lay a split of good oak on the andirons (let it warm your shins as a February blizzard tosses the trees)
February- what good does cutting, splitting, hauling, and piling oak wood do?
reminds man about where heat comes from with wealth of detail.
February- What were the dimensions of the oak tree that Aldo cut down?
width of the stump was 30 inches, 80 growth rings; seedling must have laid its first ring around 1865 (end of cvl war).
February- what do oaks go through the first decade of growth to grow above the reach of rabbits?
They are girdled each winter and re-sprout the following summer
February- relationship between grown oaks and rabbits?
each surviving oak is the product of either rabbit negligence or rabbit scarcity.
February- term used to describe the relationship between oak growth and rabbits (perpetual battle within and among species, achieve collective immortality)
fauna and flora
February- what is likely to have occurred in order for Aldo's oak to begin laying annual rings?
a low of rabbits in the middle sixties
February- how many acorns survive rabbits to become oaks?
about one win a thousand acorns survive rabbits.
February- what does Aldo do as he cuts through the oak?
He think of all the years it's been through and survived. He rests at each decade and thinks about what was happening in those years as he cuts through.
February- what happens to an oak tree that Aldo has to cut down?
it is struck by lightning, bad enough that it no longer lives.
February- What did the Supreme Court do? What diid Governor Phillip pontificate? when?
"state forestry is not a good business position" 1915; Supreme Court abolished the state forests.
February- 1916
pheasants became successfully established in Waukesha County
February- 1915
federal law prohibited spring shooting
February- 1913
state game farm was started
February-1912
a "buck law" protected female deer
February- 1911
epidemic of refuges spread over the state
February- 1910
great university president published a book on conservation, sawfly epidemic killed millions of tamaracks, great drouth burned pineries, great dredge drained Horicon Marsh.
February-rest of dates
see pages 12-17
February- tools used to make wood
saw, wedge, axe
February- saw job
only works across the years (cutting tree trunk)
February: sawdust definitions
archives by historians, sawdust to woodsmen
February- the wedge job
works only ini radial splits (which reveals a collective view of all the years at once)
February- the axe job
functions only at an angle diagonal to the years, only for the peripheral rings of the recent past. lops limbs, for which the saw and wedge are useless.
March- what marks the spring?
a skein of geese
March- how did they measure the amplitude of spring on their farm? two ways
1) number of pines planted 2) number of geese that stop
March- what s their record number of geese?
642
March- what do the geese eat?
prairie corn
March- what's something he doesn't know about geese?
why they prefer prairie corn
March- why are some geese alone?
Geese flock in families, so the lone ones are probably shooting survivors or lost their 'family' :(
March- how long are geese in the marsh for?
from March and leave right before May
April- what happens to their farm ini April?
they get floods, because it's a cheap farm
April- what's Draba?
small spring flower
April- what's Bur Oak?
the characteristic tree of southern Wisconsin, only tree that can stand up to a prairie fire and live
April- what's the prairie's immemorial ally?
fire
April- when can the sky dance be seen?
every evening in April and May
April- what's the stage for the sky dance?
open amphitheater in woods or brush, its center a mossy spot, a streak of sterile land, and a bare roadway
April- who is the performer in the Sky Dance?
The Woodcock
April- the Sky Dance Sequence pages
pgs. 33-34
April- what are three things he doesn't know about the Sky Dance?
1) where is the lady and what part does she play? 2) is the twitter vocal or mechanical? 3) up to what stage of nesting does a male continue the sky dance?
April- experiment done to see if twitter is vocal or mechanical? by whom?
Bill Feeney; caught bird and removed outer primary wing feathers--the bird no longer twittered
May- What signals the beginning of may?
dandelions
May- what's the final proof of Spring?
the fight-song of the upland plover
May- Where is the upland plover coming from?
Argentine
May- when are plover chicks full grown?
30 days
May- Where do plover nest?
hay field or pastures
June- what do trout do?
go up stream
June- How are we like fish (trout)?
we are eager to seize upon whatever new thing some wind of circumstance shakes down upon the river of time; then, rue our haste
July- order of birds that burst out in song
field sparrow, robin, indigo bunting, wren; then grosbeaks, thrashers, yellow warblers, bluebirds, vireos, towhees, and cardinals
July- what (more silent) animals does he find with his dog?
rabbit, woodcock, cock pheasant, sometimes coon or mink, heron, wood duck and ducklings, deer
July- what time does he go out to observe animals? why?
3:30am; because at that hour any domains is his; during the day he is limited to his 120 acres.
July- flowers/plants pages and chart?
see pgs. 49-51
July- what causes the shrinkage of flora?
a combination of clean-farming, woodlot grazing, and good roads.
We grieve only for what we know
---
July- why is Silphium plant sometimes seen on newly graded road sides?
because it can withstand almost any kind of mutilation and grow new flowering stalks even when the root is cut.
August- Who is the "painter"
the river
August- main theme and pages
the river painting a scene that can only be seen once, pages 54-56
September- what's different about the robin in Autumn?
it is silent
September- why is the beginning of Autumn a little disappointing to Aldo?
because the birds don't sing as much, and when they do, they're further away
October- two kinds of hunting
ordinary hunting and ruffled-grouse hunting
October- two places to hunt grouse
ordinary places and Adams County
October- two times to hunt grouse in Adams County
ordinary time and when the tamaracks are smoky gold
October- When do the tamaracks change from green to yellow?
when the first frosts have brought woodcock, fox sparrows, and juncos out of the north
October- what does Aldo refer to as the hanging gardens?
the boggy terraces formed from the mossy springs
October- things that get up too early
horned owls, stars, geese, and freight trains
October- two ways to hunt partridge
1) make a plan based on logic and probabilities 2) wander aimlessly from one red lantern to another
October- what are the "red lanterns"
black berry leaves, red in the October sun
October- end with some anecdotes about his dog; pages
pgs. 68-70
November- what happens to the geese?
they fly away, the last honk being the taps for summer (ending of summer)
November- whoever invented the shovel
became a giver, to plant a tree
November- when the axe was invented, the ancestor who invented the shovel became
a taker, he could chop it down
November- whoever owns land has thus assumed...
the divine functions of creating and destroying plants
November- original pair of basic implements
shovel and axe
November- what tool is this month especially? why?
the axe; it is warm enough to grind an axe without freezing and cold enough to fell a tree in comfort. Also a clear view of the treetops
November- the best definition of conservation is not written with a pen but with an...
axe (in what a man thinks about while chopping or deciding what to cut)
Note 
Flashcard (46)