Social Scientists and Early Civilizations
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This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to social scientists, early civilizations, and important historical facts.
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75 Terms
What is a social scientist?
A scholar who studies human society.
What is a meridian of longitude?
An imaginary line that runs from the north to south pole.
What is a parallel of latitude?
An imaginary line parallel to the equator.
What do B.C.E and C.E. stand for?
B.C.E stands for Before Common Era, and C.E. stands for Common Era.
Why have B.C.E and C.E. become outdated labels?
These labels are religious and related to the life of Jesus.
What is sourcing?
Asking questions about a document, such as who created it, when it was written, and why the author wrote it.
What are examples of primary sources?
A diary, a letter, a newspaper from the original time, or an autobiography.
What are examples of secondary sources?
Textbooks, videos, essays, or articles written after the event.
What is corroborating?
To confirm or give support.
What challenge do social scientists face when studying prehistory?
They lack evidence from this period.
What is cave art most useful for telling us about?
It provides clues about what life was like in prehistoric times.
Where were the earliest human remains found?
Africa.
Name the four hominin groups.
Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo Neanderthalensis, and Homo sapiens.
How did people in the Paleolithic Era and Neolithic Era get their food?
Paleolithic people hunted animals and gathered plants, whereas Neolithic people grew crops and farmed animals.
What change began the Neolithic Age?
Farming developed in parts of Europe, Asia, and the Americas.
What helped early civilizations solve problems and settle disputes?
Laws.
What helped people in early civilizations communicate?
Written language.
What is a social structure?
The organized way in which society is arranged.
Through what process did farmers in early civilizations water their fields?
Irrigation.
Why did many of the world’s first civilizations exist in the Fertile Crescent?
The land was fertile.
Which period in Ancient Egypt is referred to as the Golden Age?
1600 to 1100 B.C.E.
What benefits did the Nile River provide to ancient Kush?
It flooded to help crops grow, provided transportation, and facilitated trade.
What was the impact of Egyptian pharaohs conquering ancient Kush?
It spread Egyptian culture and religion.
When was Kush controlled by Egypt?
From 1600 to 1100 B.C.E.
Where did the earliest settlements in India emerge?
Next to the Indus River.
What part of India has the most fertile farmland?
The Ganges River Plain and Indus River Valley.
What geographic feature helped protect ancient Indians from their enemies?
The Himalayan Mountains.
How was the settlement of Mohenjodaro planned?
The Citadel had nine streets that divided the lower city into blocks.
Where was the city of Mohenjo-Daro located?
On the banks of the Indus River in Pakistan.
When did the city of Mohenjo-Daro exist?
Around 1900 B.C.E.
Why did people in Ancient China settle in the inner part of China?
Because of better soil, rivers, and protection from mountains.
Why did people settle near the Huang He River?
It was a good place to grow crops.
What material were Shang weapons made of?
Bronze.
How did Shang kings maintain power?
They had strong armies to control land.
How do we know the Shang Dynasty actually existed?
They discovered oracle bones with writing on them.
What is a social scientist?
A scholar who studies human society.
What is a meridian of longitude?
An imaginary line that runs from the north to south pole.
What is a parallel of latitude?
An imaginary line parallel to the equator.
What do B.C.E and C.E. stand for?
B.C.E stands for Before Common Era, and C.E. stands for Common Era.
Why have B.C.E and C.E. become outdated labels?
These labels are religious and related to the life of Jesus.
What is sourcing?
Asking questions about a document, such as who created it, when it was written, and why the author wrote it.
What are examples of primary sources?
A diary, a letter, a newspaper from the original time, or an autobiography.
What are examples of secondary sources?
Textbooks, videos, essays, or articles written after the event.
What is corroborating?
To confirm or give support.
What challenge do social scientists face when studying prehistory?
They lack evidence from this period.
What is cave art most useful for telling us about?
It provides clues about what life was like in prehistoric times.
Where were the earliest human remains found?
Africa.
Name the four hominin groups.
Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo Neanderthalensis, and Homo sapiens.
How did people in the Paleolithic Era and Neolithic Era get their food?
Paleolithic people hunted animals and gathered plants, whereas Neolithic people grew crops and farmed animals.
What change began the Neolithic Age?
Farming developed in parts of Europe, Asia, and the Americas.
What helped early civilizations solve problems and settle disputes?
Laws.
What helped people in early civilizations communicate?
Written language.
What is a social structure?
The organized way in which society is arranged.
Through what process did farmers in early civilizations water their fields?
Irrigation.
Why did many of the world’s first civilizations exist in the Fertile Crescent?
The land was fertile.
Which period in Ancient Egypt is referred to as the Golden Age?
1600 to 1100 B.C.E.
What benefits did the Nile River provide to ancient Kush?
It flooded to help crops grow, provided transportation, and facilitated trade.
What was the impact of Egyptian pharaohs conquering ancient Kush?
It spread Egyptian culture and religion.
When was Kush controlled by Egypt?
From 1600 to 1100 B.C.E.
Where did the earliest settlements in India emerge?
Next to the Indus River.
What part of India has the most fertile farmland?
The Ganges River Plain and Indus River Valley.
What geographic feature helped protect ancient Indians from their enemies?
The Himalayan Mountains.
How was the settlement of Mohenjodaro planned?
The Citadel had nine streets that divided the lower city into blocks.
Where was the city of Mohenjo-Daro located?
On the banks of the Indus River in Pakistan.
When did the city of Mohenjo-Daro exist?
Around 1900 B.C.E.
Why did people in Ancient China settle in the inner part of China?
Because of better soil, rivers, and protection from mountains.
Why did people settle near the Huang He River?
It was a good place to grow crops.
What material were Shang weapons made of?
Bronze.
How did Shang kings maintain power?
They had strong armies to control land.
How do we know the Shang Dynasty actually existed?
They discovered oracle bones with writing on them.
What is culture?
The shared characteristics of a group of people, which can include language, religion, customs, and art.
What significant change in lifestyle did the Neolithic Age bring about?
People began to live in permanent settlements as a result of farming.
What advanced feature was found in the city of Mohenjo-Daro reflecting sophisticated urban planning?
A complex sewer system with drains and pipes under the streets.
What were Shang oracle bones primarily used for?
They were used for divination and to ask ancestors or gods questions, with the answers then inscribed on the bones.
What types of tools characterized the Paleolithic Era?
Simple stone tools, such as hand axes and choppers.
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