Emergency Care: Trauma to the Head, Neck, and Spine

This set of flashcards covers key concepts from the lecture on trauma to the head, neck, and spine.

What are the two main subdivisions of the nervous system?

The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

What is the primary function of sensory nerves?

Sensory nerves carry messages from the body to the brain.

What structure holds the brain and spinal cord?

The skull protects the brain, while the vertebral column protects the spinal cord.

What is the role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

CSF bathes the brain and circulates down the spine.

What are the five areas of the spinal column?

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal.

What distinguishes an open skull injury from a closed skull injury?

An open skull injury involves fractures of the cranium, while a closed injury may involve a lacerated scalp with an intact cranium.

What are the signs of a traumatic brain injury (TBI)?

Signs include altered mental status, concussions, and contusions.

What is the Cushing reflex?

A combination of rising blood pressure and slowing heart rate due to increased intracranial pressure.

What are the life-threatening components of wounds to the neck?

They can cause serious bleeding and air embolism.

What is the first priority when treating hemorrhage from neck wounds?

Stopping the bleeding.

What are the mechanisms of injury that may indicate a spinal injury?

Falls, axial loading, high-speed vehicle crashes, and diving accidents.

What should be monitored in a patient with suspected head or spine injuries?

Mental status and vital signs.

What does the Glasgow Coma Scale assess?

Eye opening, verbal response, and motor response.

When is it appropriate to remove a helmet from a trauma patient?

When it interferes with airway management or if it is improperly fitted.

What is the purpose of spinal motion restriction?

To prevent secondary cord damage by limiting movement of the spine.

What are potential signs of spinal injury during assessment?

Pain and tenderness in the spine, paralysis, and changes in neurological function.