Computer Systems: Hardware, Software, Logic Gates, Languages (AQA)

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19 Terms

1

Hardware

The physical components of a computer system, such as the CPU, memory, storage devices, and input/output devices.

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2

Software

The programs and operating information used by a computer. Software can be divided into system software and application software.

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3

System Software

Software designed to manage and control the hardware components and provide a platform for running application software.

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4

Application Software

Software designed to help users perform specific tasks.

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5

Operating System (OS)

Manages hardware resources, provides a user interface, and serves as a platform for running application software.

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6

Utility Programs

Perform maintenance tasks to ensure the smooth operation of the computer system.

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7

NOT Gate

Inverts the input.

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8

AND Gate

Outputs true if both inputs are true.

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9

OR Gate

Outputs true if at least one input is true.

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10

XOR Gate

Outputs true if exactly one input is true.

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11

Simple Logic Circuits

Combine multiple gates to perform complex operations. Construct truth tables for these circuits to understand their behavior.

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12

Boolean Expressions

Expressions using NOT, AND, OR, and XOR to represent logic circuits.

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13

High-Level Languages

Easier for humans to read and write. Abstracted from hardware details.

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14

Low-Level Languages

Closer to machine code, more control over hardware.

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15

Assembly Language

Human-readable form of machine code, uses mnemonics.

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16

Machine Code

Binary code specific to a processor.

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17

Compilers

Translate high-level code into machine code before execution.

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18

Interpreters

Translate and execute high-level code line by line.

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19

Assemblers

Translate assembly language into machine code.

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