Computer Systems: Hardware, Software, Logic Gates, Languages (AQA)

Hardware

Hardware

The physical components of a computer system, such as the CPU, memory, storage devices, and input/output devices.

Software

The programs and operating information used by a computer. Software can be divided into system software and application software.

System Software

Software designed to manage and control the hardware components and provide a platform for running application software.

Application Software

Software designed to help users perform specific tasks.

Operating System (OS)

Manages hardware resources, provides a user interface, and serves as a platform for running application software.

Utility Programs

Perform maintenance tasks to ensure the smooth operation of the computer system.

NOT Gate

Inverts the input.

AND Gate

Outputs true if both inputs are true.

OR Gate

Outputs true if at least one input is true.

XOR Gate

Outputs true if exactly one input is true.

Simple Logic Circuits

Combine multiple gates to perform complex operations. Construct truth tables for these circuits to understand their behavior.

Boolean Expressions

Expressions using NOT, AND, OR, and XOR to represent logic circuits.

High-Level Languages

Easier for humans to read and write. Abstracted from hardware details.

Low-Level Languages

Closer to machine code, more control over hardware.

Assembly Language

Human-readable form of machine code, uses mnemonics.

Machine Code

Binary code specific to a processor.

Compilers

Translate high-level code into machine code before execution.

Interpreters

Translate and execute high-level code line by line.

Assemblers

Translate assembly language into machine code.