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cerebral cortex
outer/top layer of the brain, the tissue is folded and is referred to as fissures.
Lobes
areas of the cerebral cortex
corupus callosum
Bundle of nerve fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex. messages from one side of the brain to the other
Frontal lobes
located in the front and top of the brain. Abstract though and emotional control. Contains Motor Cortex and Brocas Area
Motor Cortex
recieves information from various lobes and utilizes this information to carry out body/muschle movements
Brocas Area
Controls speech production and language comprehension. Left hemisphere
parietal lobes
contains the centers for processing tactile sensory signals such as touch, pressure, and pain from the rest of the body
somatosensory cortex
receives incoming touch sensations from the rest of the body
occipital lobes
located in the back of out head. handles visual input from eyes
visual association cortex
recognizes lines, angles, shapes, shadows
brainstem
most primitive part of the brain. base of the brain connected to the spinal cord
medulla oblongata
located at the top of the spinal cord. controls heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure —> on auto pilot
pons
the larger swelling above the medulla. controls breathing, facial expressions and sleep cycle
the reticular formation
network of nerves that carry messages between parts of the brain stem. regulate the intensity of the pain, helps people focus on useful sensory input but filtering out unnecessary
thalamus
sensory “relay station” of the brain, passing info to the cerebral cortex. receives information from all the senses except smell
cerebellum “Little Brain”
helps control posture, balance, fluid movement, and the coordination of fine voluntary movement
limbic system
located beneath the cerebral cortex. emotional control, reward center, includes hupothalamus, pituitary gland, amygdala, hippocampus and thalamus
hypothalamus
controls hunger, thirst, emotions, body temperature regulation, sexual arousal and circadian rhythems
Hippocampus
involved in memory processing
amygdala
“fear center”, vital for basic emotions and survival responses, temporal lobe. Fight or flight response
Lateralization
There is some evidence that each brain hemisphere has its own distinct functions. Language is processed in the left hemisphere, attention on the right
temporal lobe
play a role in managing your emotions, processing information from your senses, storing and retrieving memories, and understanding language.
Wernicke’s Aphasia
characterized by impaired language comprehension
Brocas aphasia
when small linking words, conjunctions, such as and, or, and but, and the use of prepositions are lost.