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The label that James Madison gave to interest groups
The "interest groups" James Madison was referring to were groups called factions. He believed that the basis for differences in factions are inevitable and a part of human nature.
James Madison's notion of the principle task of modern legislation
He says the principle task of modern legislation is dealing with the different and various interests we hold, and that "the spirit of party and faction in the necessary and ordinary operations of the government."
The Elite School of Thought
Supporters of this concept see society as dominated by unified and non-representative leaders often called the power elite.
The elite control government through the positions that its members occupy, does not have to come through individuals or pluralist groups but from institutions. You have to have a key role in a leading institution of the society.
Pluralism
Interest groups compete for power & advantage.
Hyper-Pluralism
Interest groups, policy makers, institutions,
political, parties, voters, businesses, moneyed interests all compete for thinly scattered power &
advantage
Multicultural Pluralism
Interest groups based upon Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Sexual Orientation compete for power & advantage