External validity

across subj / procedures to concepts / beyond lab

other issues in external validity < generalizing ... (3/)

across subjects

ISSUES:

can be extended to a larger group (esp if diff characteristics) than our sample

across subjects

ISSUES:

prevented bc psych research are often biased and may not represent the larger population

across subjects

ISSUES:

prevented bc the sample (volunteers) cant represent the non-volunteers

procedures to concepts

ISSUES:

similar to how one research can use one brand of a product, and another used another brand = can results still be replicated?

beyond lab

ISSUES:

extra variables are controlled, can results still be applicable/replicated without controlling variables?

aggregation, multivariate designs, nonreactive measurements

INCREASE/VERIFY External Validity < (3,)

field experiments / naturalistic observations

nonreactive measurements < (2/)

aggregation

INCREASE/VERIFY:

combines results of experiments done in diff ways = if same results then its high

multivariate designs

INCREASE/VERIFY:

deals with multiple dependent variables

same results even if diff DV?

multivariate designs

INCREASE/VERIFY:

looks at combinations of variables that can be more representative of reality

nonreactive measures

INCREASE/VERIFY:

minimizes reactivity (demand characteristics)

nonreactive measures

INCREASE/VERIFY:

develops/uses unobtrusive measures to measure subj's behavior without them knowing that they're being measured

field experiments

NONREACTIVE MEASURES:

has greater external validity but has lil control over participants, can't specify sample characs, and less control in extra variables

field experiments

NONREACTIVE MEASURES:

manipulates antecedent conditions outside the laboratory