Colonization Lecture Notes
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Flashcards based on colonization lecture notes covering key concepts about Native American history, the Age of Exploration, colonial developments, and the founding of the original colonies.
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How did the first Paleo-Indians come to North America?
They walked across the Beringia land bridge during the Ice Age.
How did geography affect Native American cultures?
Native American cultures adapted to their environment, which influenced food sources, housing, and lifestyle.
Name one way Native American tribes were different from each other.
They differed based on climate, geography, and available resources.
What was the Age of Exploration?
A period when European nations explored the world to gain wealth, land, and spread Christianity.
Who were the major Native American civilizations encountered by Europeans?
The Mayans and the Aztecs.
Who conquered the Aztec Empire?
Hernán Cortés.
Who is credited with discovering the New World for Spain in 1492?
Christopher Columbus.
What was the Columbian Exchange?
The exchange of plants, animals, people, and diseases between the Old World and the New World.
Name TWO plants that came from the New World.
Corn and potatoes.
Name TWO animals brought to the New World from Europe.
Horses and pigs.
Name TWO diseases brought to the New World.
Smallpox and influenza.
What was the most devastating effect of the Columbian Exchange on Native Americans?
Disease caused massive population loss.
Why did Puritans and Pilgrims leave England?
Religious persecution in England.
How did King Henry VIII influence colonization?
He created the Church of England, which led to religious persecution.
What were indentured servants?
People who worked for a set number of years in exchange for passage to the colonies.
What is mercantilism?
An economic system where colonies exist to make money for the mother country.
What was the main purpose of the Southern Colonies?
To make profit through cash crops.
What labor system was commonly used in the Southern Colonies?
Enslaved Africans.
What was the first permanent English colony?
Jamestown, founded in 1607.
What colony was Jamestown located in?
Virginia.
Name TWO important things to know about Jamestown.
John Rolfe grew tobacco; House of Burgesses was the first representative government.
What Native American tribe interacted with Jamestown settlers?
The Powhatan.
What was the headright system?
A system that gave land to settlers to encourage people to come to the colonies.
What cash crop made Virginia profitable?
Tobacco.
What major crop was grown in the Carolinas?
Rice.
Why was Charleston important?
It was a major port city.
Why was Georgia founded?
As a defensive buffer between the colonies and Spanish Florida.
Who founded Georgia?
James Edward Oglethorpe.
Why was Maryland founded?
As a haven for Catholics.
Who founded Maryland?
Lord Baltimore.
What did the Acts of Religious Toleration do?
Protected the right to practice Christianity in Maryland.
Why were the New England colonies founded?
For religious freedom.
Who founded Plymouth Colony?
Pilgrims.
Who founded Massachusetts Bay Colony?
Puritans.
What document was signed aboard the Mayflower?
The Mayflower Compact.
Who gave the 'City upon a Hill' speech?
John Winthrop.
What did Puritans believe?
They wanted to create a moral, religious society.
What were the Salem Witch Trials?
A series of trials where people were accused of witchcraft in Massachusetts.
What was King Philip’s War?
A conflict between Native Americans and New England colonists.
Who founded Rhode Island?
Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson.
Why was Rhode Island founded?
For religious freedom and separation of church and state.
What was the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut?
One of the first written constitutions in America.
What colony later became New Hampshire?
New Hampshire.
Why were the Middle Colonies founded?
For profit and religious freedom.
What was New York originally called?
New Netherland.
Who did England purchase New York from?
The Dutch.
Who founded Pennsylvania?
William Penn.
What religious group settled Pennsylvania?
Quakers.
Name one Middle Colony.
New Jersey.