Exp-14-PHENOLS

Functional Group of Phenols

Hydroxyl

IUPAC Naming of Monohydric Phenols

As derivatives of phenol

Non-Phenol Example

Acetone

Source of Phenols and Cresols

Coal tar

Laboratory Preparation of Phenol

By the diazotization of primary aromatic amines

Phenols are more acidic than alcohols because

Due to resonance stabilization

Conjugate Base of Phenol

Phenoxide ion

The reaction of phenols with dilute aqueous NaOH

They form phenoxide salts

the color of the compound formed when phenols react with Ferric Chloride

Purple

Responsible for purple color formed when phenols react with ferric chloride

Formation of a ferric phenoxide salt

A fact about the acidity of phenols

Phenols are more acidic than alcohols

Effect of Electron-Withdrawing Groups on Phenol Acidity

They increase the acidity

The name of the purple colored compound formed when phenol reacts with ferric chloride

Ferric phenoxide

Solubility of Phenoxide Salts compared to phenols

Phenoxide salts are more soluble

The property of phenoxide salts that makes them water-soluble

They are more acidic than phenols

Phenol's Hydroxyl Group in Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions

It activates the benzene ring

Product of Bromination of Phenol

2,4,6-tribromophenol

Solvents that produce a white precipitate for 2,4,6-Tribromophenol during the bromination of phenols

Protic solvents

Phenol in 5% NaOH Solution and shaken

It dissolves completely

Color produce when 1% phenol reacts with 1% Ferric Chloride

Purple

The test that can differentiate between phenol and salicylic acid

Bromine water test

Purpose of Bromine Water Addition to 1% phenol and 1% salicylic acid

To test for the presence of phenols

Phenolphthalein Formation Test

To form phenolphthalein

Color change observed when the solution from the phenolphthalein test is added to 5% NaOH

Colorless to pink

Color change observed when the solution from the phenolphthalein test is added to 5% HCl

Pink to colorless

Color produced when 1% phenol reacts with Millon's Reagent and Albumin

Red

Purpose of boiling the solution in Millon's Test

To accelerate the reaction

Color Change observed after Boiling the solution in Millon’s Test

Colorless to red