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Functional Group of Phenols
Hydroxyl
IUPAC Naming of Monohydric Phenols
As derivatives of phenol
Non-Phenol Example
Acetone
Source of Phenols and Cresols
Coal tar
Laboratory Preparation of Phenol
By the diazotization of primary aromatic amines
Phenols are more acidic than alcohols because
Due to resonance stabilization
Conjugate Base of Phenol
Phenoxide ion
The reaction of phenols with dilute aqueous NaOH
They form phenoxide salts
the color of the compound formed when phenols react with Ferric Chloride
Purple
Responsible for purple color formed when phenols react with ferric chloride
Formation of a ferric phenoxide salt
A fact about the acidity of phenols
Phenols are more acidic than alcohols
Effect of Electron-Withdrawing Groups on Phenol Acidity
They increase the acidity
The name of the purple colored compound formed when phenol reacts with ferric chloride
Ferric phenoxide
Solubility of Phenoxide Salts compared to phenols
Phenoxide salts are more soluble
The property of phenoxide salts that makes them water-soluble
They are more acidic than phenols
Phenol's Hydroxyl Group in Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions
It activates the benzene ring
Product of Bromination of Phenol
2,4,6-tribromophenol
Solvents that produce a white precipitate for 2,4,6-Tribromophenol during the bromination of phenols
Protic solvents
Phenol in 5% NaOH Solution and shaken
It dissolves completely
Color produce when 1% phenol reacts with 1% Ferric Chloride
Purple
The test that can differentiate between phenol and salicylic acid
Bromine water test
Purpose of Bromine Water Addition to 1% phenol and 1% salicylic acid
To test for the presence of phenols
Phenolphthalein Formation Test
To form phenolphthalein
Color change observed when the solution from the phenolphthalein test is added to 5% NaOH
Colorless to pink
Color change observed when the solution from the phenolphthalein test is added to 5% HCl
Pink to colorless
Color produced when 1% phenol reacts with Millon's Reagent and Albumin
Red
Purpose of boiling the solution in Millon's Test
To accelerate the reaction
Color Change observed after Boiling the solution in Millon’s Test
Colorless to red
Note 
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