Bio 223 Lab: Muscles

frontalis

origin: epicranial aponeurosis

insertion: skin of eyebrows

action: raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead

occipitals 

origin: occipital & temporal bones

insertion: epicranial aponeurosis

action: pulls scap backwards

orbicularis oculi

origin: maxilla & frontal bones

insertion: skin around eyes

action: blinking

orbicularis oris

origin: other muscles near mouth

insertion: skin around mouth

action: closes & puckers lips

zygomaticus major

origin: zygomatic bone

insertion: skin & muscles of corner of mouth 

action: smiling 

zygomaticus minor

medial to major 

origin: zygomatic bone 

insertion: skin & muscles of corner of mouth 

action: smiling 

temporalis

origin: temporal fossa

insertion: coronoid process of mandible 

action: elevates & retracts mandible 

masseter

origin: zygomatic arch

insertion: lateral surface of ramus of mandible 

action: elevates & protracts mandible 

buccinator

origin: alveolar processes of maxilla & mandible

insertion: next to orbicularis oris 

action: compresses cheeks

sternocleidomastoid

anterior 

origin: sternum & clavicle

insertion: mastoid process of temporal 

action: flexes & laterally rotates head 

splenius capitis 

posterior

origin: spinous process of C7 & upper thoracic vertebrae 

insertion: occipital & mastoid process 

action: extend/hyperextend head, head rotation, & lateral tilting when activated

pectoralis major

origin: clavicle, sternum, & costal cartilage of upper ribs 

insertion: intertubercular sulcus of humerus & greater tubercle 

action: adducts & rotates arm medially  

pectoralis minor 

origin: anterior surface of ribs 3-5 

insertion: coracoid process of scapula 

action: depresses/protracts scapula, elevates ribs for forceful inhalation 

deltoid

origin: acromion process & spine of scapula, clavicle 

insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

action: abducts arm, flexes & extends shoulder 

external intercostals

makes a V

between ribs

origin: inferior border of rib above

insertion: superior border of rib below 

action: elevates ribs & expand thoracic cage 

internal intercostals

medial by sternum —> down & out to hips 

between ribs

origin: superior border of rib below

insertion: inferior border of rib above 

action: depress ribs & shrink thoracic cage 

serratus anterior

origin: anterior surface of upper ribs

insertion: medial border of scapula

action: protracts & rotates scapula laterally, reaching motion 

rectus abdominis w/ linea alba

connective tissue = lines

origin: crest of pubis/pubic symphysis 

insertion: xiphoid process of sternum & ribs 5-7

action: flexes vertebral column, rotate lumbar region of vertebral column 

external oblique

origin: outer surface of lower 8 ribs

insertion: linea alba, iliac crest

action: compresses abdomen, rotate vertebral column, lateral flexion

internal oblique

origin: iliac crest, lumbar fascia

insertion: linea alba, lower 3-4 ribs & crest of pubis

action: compresses abdomen, rotate vertebral column, lateral flexion

transverse abdominis

origin: costal cartilage lower ribs, lumbar vertebrae, iliac crest

insertion: crest of pubis, linea alba

action: compresses abdomen

trapezius

origin: occipital bone & spinous process (C7) & thoracic vertebrae 

insertion: clavicle, spine, & acromion process 

action: rotates, retracts, elevates, stabilizes scapula 

latissimus dorsi

origin: lumbar & lower thoracic vertebrae, iliac crest, & lower ribs

insertion: intercubercular sulcus of humerus 

action: extends shoulder, adducts & rotates arm medially 

levator scapulae

origin: transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

insertion: medial border of scapula 

action: retracts & stabilizes scapula 

rhomboids major

origin: spinous processes of upper thoracic vertebrae 

insertion: medial border of scapula 

action: retracts & stabilizes scapula 

rhomboids minor

origin: spinous process of C7 & T1

insertion: medial border of scapula 

action: retracts & stabilizes scapula 

supraspinatus

origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula

insertion: greater tubercle of humerus 

action: initiates abduction of the arm

infraspinatus

origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula

insertion: grater tubercle of humerus 

action: rotates arm laterally 

subscapularis

origin: subscapular fossa

insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus 

action: rotates arm medially 

teres minor 

origin: lateral border of scapula 

insertion: greater tubercle of humerus 

action: rotates arm laterally 

teres major

origin: inferior angle of scapula 

insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus 

action: extends shoulder, adducts & rotates arm medially 

tricep brachii 

origin:

long head - infraglenoid tubercle

lateral - posterior shaft of humerus 

medial - distal shaft of humerus 

insertion: olecranon process of ulna 

action: extends elbow 

coracobrachialis

origin: coracoid process of scapula

insertion: medial mid-shaft of humerus 

action: flexes shoulder & adducts arm 

bicep brachii

origin:

short head - coracoid process

long head - glenoid cavity of scapula 

insertion: radial tuberosity 

action: flexes elbow, supinates forearm & hand 

brachialis

origin: anterior surface of humerus

insertion: coronoid process of ulna

action: flexes elbow 

extensor carpi ulnaris

origin: medial epicondyle of humerus

insertion: base of metacarpal 5 

action: hand extension, adduction 

extensor digitorum

origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus

insertion: digits 2-5 

action: finger extension (not thumb) 

extensor carpi radialis

origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus

insertion: base of metacarpals 2 & 3

action: wrist extension & radial deviation (wrist abduction)

brachioradialis

origin: distal/lateral end of humerus

insertion: radius above styloid process

action: flexes elbow 

pronator teres

origin: medial epicondyle of humerus & coracoid process of ulna 

insertion: lateral surface of proximal radius 

action: pronates forearm 

flexor carpi radialis

origin: medial epicondyle of humerus

insertion: base of metacarpals 2 & 3

action: wrist flexion & radial deviation (wrist abduction) 

palmaris longus

origin: medial epicondyle of humerus

insertion: flexor retinaculum

action: tenses skin in palm & wrist flexion (weakly) 

flexor carpi ulnaris

origin: medial epicondyle of humerus, olecranon process 

insertion: carpals, base of metacarpal 5 

action: wrist flexion & ulnar deviation (wrist abduction) 

iliopsoas: iliacus

origin: iliac fossa & crest

insertion: lesser trochanter of femur 

action: flexes thigh & flexes trunk on thigh (bowing)

iliopsoas: psoas major

origin: lumbar vertebrae & T12

insertion: lesser trochanter of femur 

action: flexes thigh & flexes vertebral column laterally 

adductor magnus

origin: ischial tuberosity

insertion: posterior surface of femur

action: adducts & medially rotates thigh, flexes & extends thigh 

adductor longus

origin: pubis (near pubic symphysis)

insertion: medial femur diaphysis 

action: adducts & medially rotates thigh, flexes thigh 

gracilis

origin: lower edge of pubis

insertion: proximal/medial surface of tibia 

action: adducts thigh, flexes & medially rotates leg 

sartorius

origin: anterior superior iliac spine

insertion: medial surface of tibia

action: flexes, abducts & laterally rotates thigh

quadriceps femoris: rectus femoris

origin: anterior inferior iliac spine & superior acetabulm 

insertion: patella & tibial tuberosity 

action: extend leg & flexes thigh 

quadriceps femoris: vastu femoris

origin: medial surface of femur

insertion: patella & tibial tuberosity

action: extends leg

quadriceps femoris: vastus intermedius 

origin: anterior/lateral surface of femur 

insertion: patella & tibial tuberosity 

action: extends leg

quadriceps femoris: vastus lateralis

origin: greater trochanter & posterior surface

insertion: patella & tibial tuberosity

action: extends leg & stabilizes knee 

tensor fascia latae: iliotibial band (IT band)

origin: anterior iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine 

insertion: IT band

action: steadies leg & trunk by tightening IT band, abducts & rotate thigh medially, flexes thigh 

gluteus maximus

origin: sacrum, coccyx, & posterior surface of ilium 

insertion: posterior surface of femur & IT band

action: extends leg 

gluteus medius

origin: lateral surface of ilium

insertion: greater trochanter of femur

action: abducts & medially rotates thigh

gluteus minimus

origin: lateral ilium

insertion: greater trochanter of femur

action: abducts & medially rotates thigh

biceps femoris 

origin: ischial tuberosity & femur

insertion: head of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia

action: flexes leg & extends thigh 

semitendinosus 

origin: ischial tuberosity 

insertion: proximal/medial surface of tibia 

action: flexes leg & extends thigh

semimembranosus

origin: ischial tuberosity

insertion: medial condyle of tibia 

action: flexes leg & extends thigh

gastrocnemius: medial & lateral heads + calcaneal tendon

origin: lateral & medial condyles of femur 

insertion: posterior calcaneus

action: plantarflexion & flexes knee when foot is dorsiflexed 

soleus 

origin: head & shaft of fibula & posterior surface of tibia 

insertion: posterior calcaneus 

action: plantarfelxion

plantaris

origin: posterior femur

insertion: calcaneus

action: plantarflexion & flexes leg 

tibialis anterior

origin: lateral condyle & lateral surface of tibia

insertion: tarsal bone & first metatarsal 

action: dorsiflexion & inversion of foot 

fibularis longus

origin: head/shaft of fibula

insertion: tarsal bone & first metatarsal 

action: plantarflexion & eversion of foot 

fibularis brevis 

origin: distal surface of fibula 

insertion: 5th metatarsal 

action: plantarflexion & eversion of foot