Chemistry Vocabulary (Chapter 8 - Covalent Bonds)

covalent bond

the chemical bond that results from sharing valence electrons

molecule

is formed when two or more atoms bond covalently

Lewis structure

in which electron-dot diagrams represent the arrangement of electrons in a molecule

sigma bond

single covalent bonds; represented by Greek letter sigma (σ)

pi bond

forms when parallel orbitals overlap and share electrons; represented by Greek letter pi (π)

endothermic reaction

when a greater amount of energy is required to break the existing bonds in the reactants than is released when the new bonds form in the products

exothermic reaction

when more energy is released during product bond formation than is required to break bonds in the reactants

oxyacid

an acid that contains both a hydrogen atom and an oxyanion

structural formula

molecular models that use letter symbols and bonds to show relative positions of atoms

resonance

a condition that occurs when more than one valid Lewis structure can be written for a molecule or ion

coordinate covalent bond

forms when one atom donates both of the electrons to be shared with an atom or ion that needs two electrons to form a stable electron arrangement with lower potential energy

VSEPR model

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion model; the molecular geometry, or shape, of a molecule

hybridization

a process in which atomic orbitals mix and form new, identical hybrid orbitals

polar covalent bond

a type of bond that occurs when different atoms are not shared equally

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