AP CompSci Vocab

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48 Terms

1

syntax error

a mistake in the program where the rules of the programming language are not followed therefore a syntax error is printed.

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2

logic error

a mistake in the algorithm or program that causes it to behave incorrectly or unexpectedly.

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3

run-time error

A mistake in a program that happens only when the program is actually run, such as a program attempting to access memory that does not exist.

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4

overflow error

Error from attempting to represent a number that is too large.

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5

bit

binary digit; 0 or 1

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6

byte

a group of 8 bits

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7

roundoff

Error that results when the number of bits is not enough to represent the number with full precision

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8

analog data

A continuous representation of data

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9

lossless compression

a data compression algorithm that allows the original data to be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed data.

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10

lossy compression

data compression techniques in which some amount of data is lost. This technique attempts to eliminate redundant information.

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11

metadata

data that describes data

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12

Sequencing

Putting commands in correct order so computers can read the commands.

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13

Selection

the process of choosing which sensory information to focus on

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14

Iteration

repetition

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15

linear serach

checking each element of a list until the desired value is found or the whole list is checked

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16

Binary Search

a search algorithm that starts at the middle of a sorted set of numbers and removes half of the data; this process repeats until the desired value is found or all elements have been eliminated.

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17

reasonable time

polynomial in the number of steps an algorithm takes in the worst case based on the input size

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18

heuristic

a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms

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19

library

a collection of commands / functions, typically with a shared purpose

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20

API

Application Programming Interface, a library of procedures and a description of how to call each procedure.

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21

Modularity

The subdivision of a computer program into separate subprograms

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22

traversal

the process of accessing each item in a list one at a time

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23

computing device

a physical device that can run a program

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24

Bandwidth

The maximum amount of data that can pass from one point to another in a unit of time

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25

protocol

A set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices.

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26

Scalability

Refers to how well a system can adapt to increased demands

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27

IP

(Internet Protocol) Routing protocol that is in charge of forwarding packets on the Internet.

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28

TCP

(Transmission Control Protocol) provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of a stream of packets on the internet. TCP is tightly linked with IP and usually seen as TCP/IP in writing.

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29

UDP

User Datagram Protocol. Used instead of TCP when guaranteed delivery of each packet is not necessary. UDP uses a best-effort delivery mechanism.

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30

World Wide Web

a system of linked pages, programs, and files

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31

HTTP

HyperText Transfer Protocol - the protocol used for transmitting web pages over the Internet

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32

Parallel Computing

a model in which programs are broken into small pieces, some of which are run simultaneously

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33

speedup

the time used to complete a task sequentially divided by the time to complete a task in parallel

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34

distributed computing

processes and manages algorithms across many machines in a computing environment

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35

digital divide

A worldwide gap giving advantage to those with access to technology

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36

crowdsourcing

using consumers to develop and market products

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37

citizen science

scientific research by amateur scientists

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38

Creative Commons

A kind of copyright that makes it easier for people to copy, share, and build on your creative work, as long as they give you credit for it.

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39

Open Access

A policy that allows people to have read access to things, e.g., libraries or online data

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40

PII

Personally Identifiable Information. Information about individuals that can be used to trace a person's identity, such as a full name, birthdate, biometric data, and identifying numbers such as a Social Security number

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41

MFA

Multi-factor authentication (MFA) is a security control that requires users to verify their identities by providing multiple pieces of evidence before gaining access to a device or application.

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42

Encryption

a process of encoding messages to keep them secret, so only "authorized" parties can read it.

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43

Symmetic Encryption

the same key is used to encode and decode

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44

Public Key Encryption

uses two keys: a public key that everyone can have and a private key for only the recipient

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45

cookie

a small text file that a web server stores on your computer

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46

virus

A tiny, nonliving particle that invades and then reproduces inside a living cell.

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47

phishing

An attack that sends an email or displays a Web announcement that falsely claims to be from a legitimate enterprise in an attempt to trick the user into surrendering private information

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48

rogue access point

a wireless access point that gives unauthorized access to secure networks.

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