INFORMATION SYSTEM The Laboratory DATA AND INFORMATION

DATA

raw elements, or single facts, that by themselves have no meaning, but when organized and evaluated together have the potential to reveal information

INFORMATION

data that have been processed, sorted, and presented in such a manner that it increases the knowledge of the user

(INFORMATION SYSTEM) (COLLECT) (INPUT DATA) (PROCESS) (OUTPUT)

A collection of interlinked and dependent parts that are organized to (_____) AND (_______) and (_______) data into information, (______) the information to users and provide feedback to the system with the goal of meeting the complete informational needs of the organization

COMPUTER-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEMS

An information system that uses the components and technology of computer

-Computer Hardware

-Central Processing

-Input Devices

-Output Devices

kinds of HARDWARE

I/O DEVICES

A. Central Processing Unit B. Computer Memory and Data Storage C. Data Storage Devices

COMPUTER HARDWARE

Physical (i.e., plastic and wire) parts of a computer

INPUT DEVICES

Mechanisms whereby the computer receives data. Includes keyboards, barcode readers, computer links, and data converters

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

Electronic portion of a computer Includes the controlling unit and the quantitative

analysis and data processing unit.

OUTPUT DEVICES

Mechanisms such as printer and CRT screens that allow the computer to disseminate information and communicate with its users

MAIN MEMORY

COMPUTER MEMORY AND DATA STORAGE

(____________)

primary storage space inside the CPU designed for holding data and instructions while they are actively processed

PERIPHERAL STORAGE DEVICE

COMPUTER MEMORY AND DATA STORAGE

(________________)

Secondary, or remote, storage devices such as floppy disks; used to store data not being actively processed by the CPU

READ-ONLY MEMORY (ROM)

COMPUTER MEMORY AND DATA STORAGE

(_________________)

Part of the memory that is permanently protected from being modified, erased, or written over

RANDOM-ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)

COMPUTER MEMORY AND DATA STORAGE

(________________)

part of the memory (main and peripheral) that is not protected from alteration.

DATABASE

COMPUTER MEMORY AND DATA STORAGE

(___________________)

refers to all data stored in both the main memory and peripheral storage devices; a specific collection of related computer files

HARD DISK

DATA STORAGE DEVICES

(_________________)

stored inside the CPU consists of a magnetic-coated metal plate used for the main operating programs of the computer

HARD DISK

FLOPPY DISK 

(______________)

Removable flexible disk with a magnetic coating, used to store information external to the CPU; also known as diskette.

OPTICAL DISK

laser-read compact disk (CD); may be either CD-ROM or CD-RAM

DISK DRIVE

mechanical machinery and electronics unit that allows data and information to be extracted and entered on disks by the computer; may contain either a magnetic scanner or a laser reader

(APPLICATIONS SOFTWARE)

(SYSTEMS SOFTWAR)

COMPONENTS SOFTWARE

APPLICATION SOFTWARE

programs designed to meet specific needs of the users, such as word processing, payroll, or blood bank inventory management

SYSTEM SOFTWARE

programs designed to control and run the operating systems of the computer including communicatio

COMPUTER LANGUAGES

(_______________)

programs designed to control and run the operating systems of the computer including communication.

(________________)

used to write software for the computer. Machine Language Programming Languag

CPU MACHINE LANGUAGE

AND BINARY CODES

CPU MACHINE LANGUAGE AND BINARY CODES

(______)

storage units of a computer, comparable to words in a human language

(______)

subunits of bytes; represent one position on a computer chip or a single digit in machine languag

(Local Area Network) (Wide 

COMPUTER NETWORKS

(______________)

storage units of a computer, comparable to words in a human language

(__________________)

Computer network that connects computers and their equipment over a large, disbursed geographical area such as a state, nation, or the whole world, usually through the facilities of common carriers, such as telephone lines or satellite channels.

HOST BASED LIS

a local-area network interfaced with a central controlling CPU whose program determines how data are received, processed, and disseminated.

CLIENT-SERVER LIS

an open system that allows users to tap into the LIS with their independent computer systems, extract only the information they want, and present it in the format they wish on their own computer screen or printer.

The Laboratory Information Sysytem

-a complete network of computer components

designed to incorporate all aspects of the

informational needs of the laboratory and its

customers from the intake of requests for

services and

the processing of work flow to the delivery of

results.

PLANNING FOR COMPUTERIZATION It is estimated that it takes a minimum of 24 months to install a laboratory information system. Ideally, the first 18 months are invested in the following: 1.Assessing the informational needs of the laboratory. 2.Conducting a systems analysis of the information and workflow of the laboratory 3.Selecting and purchasing an LIS complete with program options and necessary hardware and software.

SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

It is the formal process of studying a problem and creating a solution. It is used to identify the informational needs laboratory and design the computer system, including both hardware and software that will meet the goals and objectives established for the system.

Collect data and information needed to conduct the systems analysis study

Analyze the laboratory’s current computing status and informational needs and prepare a feasibility report

Establish specifications using diagramming, flow charting, and other systems analysis techniques.

Determine hardware and software requirements needed to meet the goals and specifications of the LIS.

CPU specialist necessary to meet the data processing needs of the LIS workload include

✓ The computing speed of the control and logic unit

✓ The primary data storage capacity

Systems Flow Chart

depicts the system as a complete whole; only subsystems or major elements are shown

Procedural Flow Chart

graphic presentation of an individual task, operation, or data flow within the system.

Logic Flow Chart

provide an in- depth analysis of the sequencing of logical or mathematical steps in a specific order of events.

Deployment Flow Diagram

spreads out the format horizontally to depict the action and decision points in a separate column for each area (i.e. Laboratory, Chemistry, Microbiology, Phlebotomy