:)

pogroms

persecution of jews in europe

chain migration

one family member brings another, who in turn bring more family members

new immigrants

south and central europe, asia

old immigrants

protestant, high-skilled, high literacy

birds of passage

migrate, earn money, then go back to home country

angel island

asian immigrants

ellis island

european immigrants

ethnic enclaves

communities centered around a certain ethnicity, keeps culture alive

political machines provided

shelter, jobs, money

kickbacks

illegal payments from contractors and businesses collected by political machines

strikebreakers

granted favors to businesses or monopolies in exchange for bribes