Unit 4: Transoceanic Interconnections

1450-1750

Powerful and centralized states were established in…

Middle East, India, China, Japan

Power shifted from ___ to ___

Spain, England/France

major economic changes

sailing, mercantilism, private investment, banking

Portugal

• trade relations with Muslims

• Bartholomew Dias, Vasco de Gama, Ferdinand Magellan

Spain

• Christopher Columbus

technological advancements

lateen sails, sternpost rudder, astrolabe, 3-masted caravel, magnetic compass

Treaty of Tordesillas

split Atlantic between Portugal and Spain

England, Netherlands, France

conquered new lands, launched expeditions

Aztecs

defeated by Hernando Cortes

Incas

defeated by Fransisco Pizarro

Encomienda System

system of forced labor that exploited natives

African Slave Trade

• guns and goods traded for slaves

• Middle Passage

Columbian Exchange

• sugar and silver monopolized by Spanish

• opened access to Ming China, Philippines, Pacific Ocean trade

Muscovy Company

monopolized Russian trade routes

Dutch East India Company

controlled routes to Indonesia

technology and innovation, 1450-1750

gunpowder weapons, navigation and ship building, printing press

Europe was dynamic, but China and Japan…

were focused internally

interactions between Ottomans and Europe decreased because…

of the focus on overseas trade

private investment…

took control away from the government