APUSH PERIOD 4 1800-1848

Embargo Act

Act put into law by Thomas Jefferson in 1807 that was the lowpoint of his presidency. Outlawed the sailing of American ships to foreign ports. This law was intended to protect American ships from the impressment of foreign forces, but ended up simply decimating the economies of port cities and reminded many Americans of the British Navigation Acts.

Hartford Convention

Meeting of Federalists near the end of the War of 1812 in which the party listed it's complaints against the ruling Republican Party. These actions were largley viewed as traitorous to the country and lost the Federalist much influence

Second Great Awakening

A series of religious revivals starting in 1801, based on Methodism and Baptism. Stressed a religious philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for all Protestant sects. The revivals attracted women, Blacks, and Native Americans.

Cult of Domesticity

the ideal woman was seen as a tender, self-sacrificing caregiver who provided a nest for her children and a peaceful refuge for her husband, social customs that restricted women to caring for the house. Creates field for domestic servants as middle class women have more leisure time due to creation of time-saving technologies that lessened their workloads.

American System

Economic program advanced by Henry Clay that included support for a national bank, high tariffs, and internal improvements; emphasized strong role for federal government in the economy.

McCulloch v. Maryland

Maryland was trying to tax the national bank and Supreme Court ruled that federal law was stronger than the state law-"THE POWER TO TAX IS THE POWER TO DESTROY".
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the Supreme Court ruled that Congress had implied powers under the Necessary and Proper Clause of Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution to create the Second Bank of the United States and that the state of Maryland lacked the power to tax the Bank.

Marbury v. Madison

establishes the right to Judicial Review by the Supreme Court; right to declare laws unconstitutional.

Monroe Doctrine

A declaration by the President in 1823 that warned European powers to keep out of the Western Hemisphere and pledged that the United States would not intervene in the internal affairs of Europe.

Missouri Compromise

"Compromise of 1820" over the issue of slavery in Missouri. It was decided Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state and all states North of the 36th parallel were free states and all South were slave states.

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Passed by Congress under the Jackson administration, this act removed all Indians east of the Mississippi to an "Indian Territory" where they would be "permanently" housed.

Worcester v. Georgia

Supreme Court Decision - Cherokee Indians were entitled to federal protection from the actions of state governments which would infringe on the tribe's sovereignty - Jackson ignored it

Battle of Fallen Timbers

This was the last battle of the northwest Indian war, it fought against the Miami confederacy. At the end, it led to the treaty of Greenville, the forces under “mad Anthony” Wayne drafted after st. Clairs defeat, this would later make the core of what became the US army.
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was the final battle of the Northwest Indian War, a struggle between Native American tribes affiliated with the Northwestern Confederacy and their British allies, against the nascent United States for control of the Northwest Territory.

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

One of the two known responses to the alien and sedition acts was thomas jefferson and james madison were very much opposed to this, they suggested that the idea of nullification in their ____________________. This idea was that the state had the right to nullify a law it found to be inconsistent with the constitution. Nullification of a federal edict wouldn’t slow down enforcement of the alien and seditions acts, but raised problems about the relationship between federal government and the states.

david walker

was known f or being an aboloitionist and an author, one of his first books he wrote was that was against slavery called appeal, encouraging slave to rebel and not listen to their masters. He used the bible to justify that slaves were equal, and accused america of being a hyprocrite if they were for equality but had slaves. He would help the slaves in the south like clothing them and smuggled his pamphlet. When his book was found being smuggled, slaveowners demanded walker to be arrested. It was debated about what would someone like walker who would sell this sort of pamphlet that could potentially harmed the slaveowners in the south, but the mayor couldn’t do anything because it was a part of the 1st amendment rights in boston, which meant that writing a pamphlet was his right and wasn;t arrested.

Waltham-Lowell system

This system which was a labor and production model employed during the rise of the textile industry in the US, started in New England, surrounded by the larger backdrop of immediate expansion of the industrial revolution in the early 1800s. Women were used as a light source of labor and used the first women workforce, but this system soon declined but helped industrialize America.

Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania

were essays written by john Dickinson a Pennsylvanian lawyer published under the fictional name “farmer” from 1767-1768. It disagreed with the Acts being passed by the british. He exclaimed that the british parliament had the authority to control trade with the colonists within the imperial system, however, that would mean the colonies were sovereign to regulate the own internal matters. This also involved raising revenues.

nullification crisis

set in the 1830s was the result of aa issue between the Jackson administration and the state of south carolina over the problem of federal tariffs. South Carolina refused to affect the federal tariff of 1832. They cut the tariff with its nullification ordinance, and president jackson announced this state action was unconstitutional in his nullification proclamation, then address troops to reinforce the fort in charleston, working throughthe compromise tariff of 1833.

war hawks

another name for pro-war activists/ the opposite pro peace activists are often called doves. In this time, it is about the politicians like henry clay from kentucky and john c calhoun from south carolina who urge that the war of 1812 will finally clear britains influence from north america.

The Tallmadge amendment

was known that no more slaves could be bought in Missouri and that all slaves that were currently there would have been free from legal at a certain age. Though, it was turned down by the senate due to equal representation from the north and south. This was proposed by a new york senator James.