Autonomic nervous system and visceral sensory

what is the general function of the autonomic system

a system of motor neurons that controls body activities automatically

what is the function of the sympathetic division (thoracolumbar) of the ANS

‘flight, fight, or fright’ activated during exercise, excitement, and emergencies

what is the function of the parasympathetic (craniosacral) division of the ANS

‘rest, digest’ concerned with conserving energy- digestion and waste elimination

what parts of the brain controls the autonomic nervous system

the hypothalamus

where do the sympathetic nerves leave the spinal cord and/or brain and where are the ganglia located

from the base of the skull to the coccyx; along the sympathetic chain on either side of the spinal cord

where do the parasympathetic nerves leave the spinal cord and/or brain and where are the ganglia located

either the cranium or the sacral vertebrae; close to or within the walls of the cranial structures they innervate

what are the preganglionic neurons cell bodies and axon terminals

located in visceral motor region of spinal gray matter; axons run in ventral roots to ventral rami

what are the postganglionic neurons cell bodies and axon terminals

located in autonomic ganglia, which are located peripherally; multiple swellings along the axon called varicosities

what parts of the body are serviced by ganglia of sympathetic system

heart, lungs, arteries, sweat glands, and digestive system

what segments of the spinal cord do you find the preganglionic neuron cell bodies sympathetic nervous sytem

form lateral gray horn, T1-L2

how does the length of the axon differ between the preganglionic and postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system

short preganglionic and long postganglionic

what is the neurotransmitter released by the preganglionic and postganglionic neurons sympathetic nervous system

preganglionic release acetylcholine postganglionic release norepinephrine

what are the body are serviced by the ganglia of the parasympatheic system

cranial: head, neck, thorax, and abdomen; sacral: pelvis and lower abdomen

what segments of the spinal cord do you find the preganglionic cells in the parasympathetic nervous system

brain stem and sacral segments of the spinal cord(s2-s4)

how does the length of the axon differ between the preganglionic and postganglionic neuron in the parasympathetic nervous system

long preganglionic short postganglionic

what is the neurotransmitter released by the preganglionic and postganglionic neurons parasympathetic nervous system

both release acetylcholine

the autonomic nervous system

is apart of the motor division of the PNS

which nervous system division is responsible for the flight or fight response

sympathetic nervous system

the parasympathetic division originated from which region

cranial and sacral nerves

what does the ANS innervate

smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands

what does the ANS regulate

heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, and urination

what is the somatic nervous system

one motor neuron extends from the CNS to skeletal muscle; axons are well myelinated, conduct impulses rapidly

what is the difference between the somatic nervous system and the autonomatic nervous system

in the ANS conduction is slower that somatic nervous system because the axons are thinly myelinated or nonmyelinated

what are the two motor neurons that are apart of the ANS

preganglionic and postganglionic neurons

how are the axons different in sympathetic and parasympathetic axons

sympathetic- highly branched, influences many organs

parasympathetic- few branches, localized effect

how do the preganglionic fibers run in the cranial outflow

oculo motor nerves (III), facial nerve (VII), glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), vagus nerve (X)

which contains more ganglia sympathetic or parasympathetic

sympathetic

what ganglia is in the sympathetic division

sympathetic chain ganglia (paravertebral ganglia) and collateral ganglia (prevertebral ganglia)

where is the sympathetic tank ganglia located

on both sides of the vertebral column

how sympathetic tank ganglia connected

linked by short nerves into sympathetic trunks; joined to ventral rami by white and gray rami communication

what do general visceral sensory neurons monitor

stretch, temperature, chemical changes, and irritation

where are visceral sensory neuron cell bodies located

in the dorsal root ganglion

what is visceral pain

no pain results when visceral organs are cut, results from chemical irritation or inflammation, often perceived to be of somatic origin

what are the visceral reflex arcs

defecation reflex and micturition reflex; some are simple spinal reflexes others do not involve the CNS

what is the central control of the ANS

controlled by the brain stem and spinal cord

what has the most direct influence on the ANS

reticular formation; medulla oblongata and periaqueductal gray matter

what is the influence of the hypothalamus on the ANS

the main integration center

what is the influence of the amygdala on the ANS

main limbic region for emotions