Aims of the Progressive Movement

Flashcards covering the key concepts and reforms of the Progressive Movement from the late 19th to early 20th century.

What was the main response of the Progressive Movement?

It was a response to rapid industrialization, urbanization, and political corruption in the late 19th century.

Who were the 'robber barons'?

Powerful industrialists who accumulated vast wealth through monopolies and unethical business practices.

What amendment provided for the direct election of senators?

The 17th Amendment, ratified in 1913.

What was the purpose of the Pendleton Act of 1883?

To replace patronage with merit-based hiring and curb political corruption.

Who were muckrakers?

Journalists who exposed corruption in politics and business.

What were some outcomes of industrialization during the Progressive Era?

Poor working conditions, child labor, and unsafe living environments.

What was the role of settlement houses in the Progressive Movement?

To provide education, healthcare, and job training to immigrants and the urban poor.

What did the 8-hour workday movement aim to achieve?

To reduce the number of hours an individual is required to work to eight per day.

What legislation limited child labor?

The Keating-Owen Act of 1916.

What were trusts and monopolies?

Large companies or groups that dominate key industries and limit competition.

What act aimed to break up large trusts in 1890?

The Sherman Antitrust Act.

Which act strengthened antitrust laws in 1914?

The Clayton Antitrust Act.

What established the Federal Trade Commission?

The Federal Trade Commission was created in 1914 to regulate unfair business practices.

What were Theodore Roosevelt's policies regarding monopolies called?

Trust-busting policies.

Which constitutional amendment allowed for a federal income tax?

The 16th Amendment, ratified in 1913.

What did the 18th Amendment prohibit?

Alcohol (Prohibition), influenced by the Temperance Movement.

Who granted women the right to vote?

The 19th Amendment, ratified in 1920.

What was the impact of inherent tariffs before the Progressive Era?

They hurt consumers and small businesses by raising prices.

What tax system did the Progressives advocate for?

A graduated income tax.

How did the federal income tax shift the tax burden?

It shifted from tariffs to individual and corporate income.

What was one purpose of implementing a graduated income tax?

To create a fairer tax system and reduce economic inequality.

How did the Progressive Movement address social justice?

By promoting social welfare programs to improve public health and labor laws.

What were labor unions fighting for during the Progressive Era?

Shorter work hours and safer working conditions.

What tragic event led to reforms in working conditions?

The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire in 1911.

What did the Progressive reformers push for in terms of government reforms?

To expand democracy and protect rights through constitutional amendments.

What group worked for women’s suffrage during the Progressive Era?

The National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) and the National Woman's Party (NWP).