embryo lab (3)

stalk of ovary

1

small ova

2

mature ovum

3

stigma

4

ostium

5

isthmus (with incomplete egg)

6

rudimentary right oviduct

7

cloaca

8

vagina

9

uterus

10

albumen secreting region

11

neck of infundibulum

12

infundibulum

13

empty follicles

14

left pair (ovary and oviduct)

develops and functional in all species of birds

kiwis

both the left and right ovaries develop and only the left oviduct develops

left ovary

contains follicles of various sizes and developmental stages

• quiescent primordial follicles

• pre-hierarchical growing follicles

• large yolk filled follicles

developmental stages in the left ovary includes

3 days

growth of the ovary takes how many days to get from 3 to 5 mm

2 days

growth of the ovary takes how many days to get from 5 to8 mm

• engulfs yolk

• reservoir for spermatozoa

• fertilization

function of the infundibulum

9 cm

length of infundibulum

18 mins

time spent in the infundibulum

• albumen

function of magnum

40%

percentage of albumen added by the magnum

2 hrs and 54 mins

time spent in the magnum

33 cm

length of the magnum

10 cm

lenght of isthmus

1hr and 15 mins

time spent in the isthmus

• inner and outer shell membrane

function of isthmus

10-12 cm

uterus lenght

20 hrs and 40 mins

time spent in the uterus

shell (CaCo3)

function of uterus

47%

percentage of calcium from the chicken's bone

12 cm

length of the vagina

cuticle

function of the vagina

74 cm

total length of the poultry reproductive system

25-26 hrs

total hours spent in the poultry reproductive system

primary follicle

1

oocyte

2

follicular cell

3

primordial follicle

These follicles consist of oocytes surrounded by a single layer of squamous follicular cells. The follicles remain in the process of the first meiotic division.

early primary follicle

• first apparent histological stage, consists of a central oocyte surrounded by a single layer of follicular cells which have become cuboidal. The zona pellucida is a thin band of glycoproteins that separates the oocyte and follicular cells. 

late primary follicle

the follicular cells proliferate into a stratified epithelium known as the zona granulosa

oocyte

1

antrum

2

theca interna

3

zona granulosa

4

zona pellucida

5

secondary follicle

has appearance of a follicular antrum within the granulosa layer, and the antrum contains fluid which is rich in hyaluronan and proteoglycans.

graafian follicle

• after the first meiotic division has completed but before ovulation. The oocyte is now a 2N haploid. The follicle is characterized by a large follicular antrum that makes up most of the follicle.

• The secondary oocyte, having undergone the first meiotic division, is located eccentrically. It is surrounded by the zona pellucida and a layer of several cells known as the corona radiata.

oocyte

enveloped by zona pellucida and corona radiata at ovulation

oogonia

gives rise to primary oocytes by mitosis within the mpembryo

spermatozoa

propelled from vagina to uterine tube by contraction of female gential tract

spermatozoa

gives rise to primary spermatocytes by mitosis repetitively following ouberty

meiosis 1 - secondary spermatocytes

primary spermatocytes undergo ___ to produce ____

meiosis 2 - spermatids - spermatozoa

secondary spermatocytes complete ____ producing ____ that undergo transformation intro ____

capacitation

removal of surface protein that would impede contact with an oocyte

capacitation

sperm cell’s need to uncover receptors that may recognize the chemicals in the female reproductive tract that in turn initiate changes in both motility in the form of hyperactivation as well as the morphological changes

hyperactivation and morphological

Capacitation is the sperm cell’s need to uncover receptors that may recognize the chemicals in the female reproductive tract that in turn initiate changes in both motility in the form of _____ as well as the ______ changes

fertilization

union of a haploid oocyte and a haploid spermatozoon producing a diploid zygote

gamete fusion

fertilization begins at what

start of cleavage

fertilization ends with the?

uterine tube

fusion of a spermatozoon and oocyte takes place in the?

glycoprotein

the spermatozoon MUST bind to a specific __

acrosomal reaction

enzyme that denature the zona pellucida, allowing the sperm to penetrate the barrier

12

mitosis begins ___ hrs after sperm fusion

cleavage

a series of cell division which immediately after fertilization, follow upon one another in close succession

yolk (deutoplasm)

cleavage differ in various groups of animals due to varying amount of ______ stored in the egg cells

active protoplasm

cleavage division is carried out by the _____ of the cell

non living and inert

food material in the cytoplasm of an egg cell is

deutoplasm

plays no part in mitosis except it exerts a retarding effect by the mechanical impediment it offers to the process

amphioxus

amount of yolk is meager (small) and fairly distributed throughout the cytoplasm. Undergoes an unhindered mitosis

isolecithal (homolecithal)

undergoes a type of cleavage which is essentially unmodified mitosis

unmodified mitosis

isolecithal egg undergoes a type of cleavage which is essentially ____

telolecithal

in amphibia]ovum contains considerable amount of yolk and accumulation of yolk at one pole has crowded the nucleus and the active cytoplasm of the ovum toward the opposite pole

vegetative pole

region of egg where yolk is accumulated

animal pole

opposite region where nucleus and most of active cytoplasm is located

telolecithal

type of egg that has a yolk is much greater than in amphibian eggs. Cleavage  the same as in egg of amphibia but the mass of yolk is so great the yolk is not divided.

discoidal cleavage

• The process of segmentation is limited to the small disk of protoplasm lying on the surface of the yolk at the animal pole.

• partial meroblastic cleavage

blastomeres

the cells formed in the process of segmentation where they are completely separated or partially separated

holoblastic cleavage

process of segmentation where they are completely separated

meroblastic cleavage

process of segmentation where they are partially separated

fertilization and cleavage

earliest stages of the chick embryo which takes place before the egg is laid

open cells

not completely enclosed by their own cell membrane but are partially continuous with the yolk

large amount of yolk

the presence of ____ has resulted in specific adaptations to development, especially in the young embryo

koller’s sickle

precursor of the primitive streak

cleavage

refers to the initial series of mitotic divisions by which the large zygote is fractionated into numerous “normal size” cells

blastomere

each daughter cell of the cleavage process is termed a

zygote

cleavage begins with a ___

eight blastomeres

the first___ are undifferentiated and have identical potential in mammals

first cleavage division

A

second cleavage division

B

morula

C

blastula

D

zona pellucida

1

blastomeres

2

outer blastomeres

3

inner blastomeres

4

trophoblasts

5