a) Internal resistance

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6 Terms

1
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  • define terminal p.d.

  • the p.d. measured across the terminals of an e.m.f. source

2
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  • define internal resistance

  • the resistance within an e.m.f. source

3
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  • explain the concept of internal resistance and lost volts

  • current in an e.m.f. source

  • e.m.f. source → transfers chemical energy to the electrical store of the charge carriers

  • some chemical energy → dissipated into thermal energy

  • internal resistance

  • lost volts

4
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  • describe the relationship between terminal p.d. and e.m.f.

  • terminal p.d. < e.m.f.

  • e.m.f. = terminal p.d. + lost volts

  • when current is 0A → e.m.f. = terminal p.d.

5
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  • state the formula for lost volts

  • lost volts = Ir

    • lost volts (V) = current (A) × internal resistance (Ω)

6
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  • state the two formula’s for e.m.f.

  • ε = I(R + r)

    • e.m.f. (V) = current (A) × (resistance (Ωs) + internal resistance (Ω))

  • ε = V + Ir

    • e.m.f. (V) = terminal p.d. (V) + (current (A) × internal resistance (Ω))