a) Internal resistance

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6 Terms

1
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  • terminal PD


  • the PD measured across the terminals of an emf source


2
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  • internal resistance


  • the resistance within an EMF source


3
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  • the concept of internal resistance and lost volts


  • when there is current in an EMF source, the EMF source transfers chemical energy to the electrical store of the charge carriers

  • some chemical energy is dissipated into thermal energy

  • internal resistance

  • lost volts


4
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  • the relationship between terminal PD and EMF


  • terminal PD < EMF

  • EMF = terminal PD + lost volts

  • when the current is 0A → EMF = terminal PD


5
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  • the formula for lost volts


  • V = Ir

    • V = lost volts (V)

    • I = current (A)

    • r = internal resistance (Ω)


6
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  • the two formulae for EMF


  • ε = I(R + r)

    • ε = EMF (V)

    • I = current (A)

    • R = external resistance (Ω)

    • r = internal resistance (Ω)

  • ε = V + Ir

    • V = terminal pd (V)