HSC 202 - Cardiovascular System

angi/o

blood vessel

aort/o

aorta

arter/o, arteri/o

artery

ather/o

fatty plaque

atrium

atri/o

cardi/o

heart

coron/o

crown or circle, heart

cyan/o

blue

ech/o

sound

embol/o

plug

isch/o

hold back

man/o

thin, scanty

my/o, myos/o

muscle

pect/o, pector/o

chest

phleb/o

vein

rhythm/o, rrhythm/o

rhythm

scler/o

hard

sept/o

wall, partition

son/o

sound

sphygm/o

pulse

sten/o

narrow

tampon/o

plug

tens/o

pressure

valvul/o

little valve

varic/o

dilated vein

vas/o

vessel

vascul/o

little vessel

ven/o

vein

ventricul/o

little belly, ventricle

-lytic

pertaining to loosen, dissolve

-sis

state of

cardiologist

a physician specializing in cardiology

cardiology

division of medicine that provides clinical treatment for heart disease

angina pectoris

chest pain that is a common symptom of insufficient supply of oxygen to the heart

angiospasm

abnormal muscular contractions of the smooth muscles in blood vessel walls

angiostenosis

narrowing of a blood vessel

arrhythmia

“condition of without rhythm,” a loss of the normal rhythm of the heart

bradycardia

abnormally slow heart rate (usually under 60 bpm)

cardiodynia

chest pain

cardiogenic

a symptom or sign that originates from a condition of the heart

chest pain, CP

chest pain

cyanosis

a blue tint in the skin, caused by oxygen deficiency in tissues

dysrhythmia

abnormal heart rhythm

palpitation

pounding, racing, or skipping heartbeat

syncope

temporary loss of consciousness and posture, fainting

tachycardia

abnormally fast blood pressure (exceeds 100 bpm at rest)

aneurysm

abnormal bulging of an arterial wall, caused by a congenital defect or an acquired weakness of the arterial wall

angiocarditis

inflammation of the heart and blood vessels, caused by widespread bacterial infection of the blood (septicemia)

angioma

a tumor arising from a blood vessel, a benign clump of endothelium that can obstruct blood flow

aortic insufficiency (AI)/ aortic regurgitation

The failure of the aortic valve which causes blood to flow back into the left ventricle, causing it to work harder

aortic stenosis

a narrowing of the aortic valve, causing the left ventricle to work harder than normal

aortitis

inflammation of the aorta caused by bacterial infection

arteriopathy

disease of an artery

arteriosclerosis

the artery wall becomes thickened and loses its elasticity, resulting in reduced blood flow to tissues

arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD)

coronary arteries are damaged by arteriosclerosis

artherosclerosis

a specific kind of arteriosclerosis where fatty plaques will form along the inner walls of the arteries, reducing blood flow

atrial fibrillation (A-fib)

condition of uncoordinated, rapid contractions of the muscle forming the atria, leads to a reduction of blood expelled from the atria

atrial septal defect

infant’s heart allows blood to move between the two atria due to a small opening in the wall

atriomegaly

atria become abnormally enlarged or dilated, reducing their ability to push blood into the ventricles

atrioventricular block (AV block)

injury to the atrioventricular node

cardiac arrest

heart stops

cardiac tamponade

acute compression of the heart due to accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity

cardiomegaly

abnormal enlargement of the heart

cardiomyopathy

general term for a disease of the myocardium

cardiovalvulitis

inflammation of the valves of the heart

coarctation of the aorta

heart disease affecting an infant’s aorta causing reduced systemic circulation of blood and accumulation of fluid in the lungs

congenital heart disease

general condition present at birth that centers on a malfunction of the heart

congestive heart failure (CHF) /left-ventricular failure

chronic heart disease in which the left ventricle fails to pump enough blood to supply tissues, causes cardiomegaly, pulmonary congestion, and reduced left-ventricle function

cor pulmonale/ right-ventricular failure

a chronic enlargement and reduced efficiency of the right ventricle resulting from backup of the pulmonary circulation

coronary artery disease (CAD)/coronary heart disease (CHD)

general term for a disease that afflicts the coronary arteries

coronary occlusion

blockage within a coronary artery resulting in reduced blood flow to the heart

embolism

a blockage that forms when an embolus moves through the circulation

embolus

blood clot or foreign particle that enters circulation

endocarditis

inflammation of the endocardium

essential hypertension

hypertension that is not traceable to a single cause

heart block

a block or delay of the normal electrical conduction of the heart

heart murmur

abnormal sound heard during auscultation of the heart

hemangioma

a tumor arising from a blood vessel, a benign clump of endothelium that can obstruct blood flow -OR- A red or purple birthmark on the skin

hemorrhoids

dilated veins in the anal region, causing pain and itching

hypertension

persistently high blood pressure while at rest

hypotension

abnormally low blood pressure

ischemia

abnormally low flow of blood to the tissues

myocardial infarction (MI)

death of a portion of the myocardium, AKA heart attack

myocarditis

inflammation of the myocardium of the heart

patent ductus arteriosus

opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta at birth due to a failure of the fetal vessel to close

pericarditis

inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart

phlebitis

inflammation of a vein

polyarteritis

simultaneous inflammation of many arteries

secondary hypertension

hypertension caused by the effects of another disease

septicemia

bacterial infection of the bloodstream which becomes widespread and life-threatening

sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)

heart stops with little or no warning signs

tetralogy of fallot

four defects associated with the heart are present at birth (pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, incorrect position of the aorta, right-ventricular hypertrophy)

thrombophlebitis

inflammation of the vein with an obstruction by a blood clot

thrombosis

presence of stationary blood clots within one or more blood vessels

varicosis/varicose vein

abnormally dilated vein, caused when valves in a vein fail and blood pools

ventricular fibrillation

condition of uncoordinated, rapid contractions of the muscle forming the ventricles, results in circulatory collapse due to the failure of the ventricles to expel blood

ventricular septal defect (VSD)

opening in the septum separating the right and left ventricles is present at birth, causes reduced blood flow to organs and increased blood flow to lungs

angiography

x-ray photography, MRI, or CT scan images of a blood vessel after injection of a contrast medium

angioplasty

surgical repair of a blood vessel

angioscope

instrument used to perform an angioscopy, which has a camera on one end and a video monitor on the opposite end