Reflexes

what is the ATNR

moving the head passively to one side results in UE flex on the skull side and ext on the face side

when does the ATNR appear

0-2 to 4-6 months

what is the ATNR for

postural stability

WB

weight shift

spinal rotation

what stimulates ATNR

vestibular

what is the STNR

flex the head and neck and the legs ext

ext the head and neck and the legs flex

when does the STNR appear

4-6 to 8-12 months

what is the STNR for

postural stability via flexor/extensor coactivation

what stimulates the STNR

vestibualr

what is the galant/truncal incurvation reflex

stroke the paraspinals from superior to inferior and wait for ipsilateral trunk flexion

when does the galant reflex appear

32 weeks GA to 2 months

what is the galant reflex for

increasing spinal mobility

retraction from noxious stimuli

what stimulates the galant reflex

tactile

what is the startle reflex

sudden loud noise results in full body extension often followed by full body flexion

when does the startle reflex appear

birth to 6 month

what is the startle reflex for

preparation for movement in the event of a threat

what stimulates the startle reflex

auditory

what is the moro reflex

dropping the head/upper body backwards, then catch the infant resulting in full body extension with the arms up in the air

when does the moro reflex appear

birth to 6 months

what is the moro reflex for

preprotective

what stimulates the moro reflex

vestibular

what is the landau reflex

the infant is suspended horizontally resulting i trunk, arms, and leg extension to achieve eyes horizontal (superman position)

when does the landau reflex appear

2-4 to 12-30 months

what is the landau reflex for

extensor synergy

ability to maintain visual midline

what stimulates the landau reflex

vestibular

what is the neo-NOB

passively rotating the head to one side resulting in an ipsilateral log roll

when does the neo-NOB appear

34 weeks GA to 4-5 months

what is the neo-NOB for

helps with the birthing process

what stimulates the neo-NOB

vestibular and proprioceptive

what is the neo-BOB

flex the hip and knee before bringing the limb across midline resulting in a full body log roll

when does the neo-BOB appear

34 weeks GA to 4-5 months

what is the neo-BOB for

early transverse plane development

what stimulates the neo-BOB

proprioceptive

what is the NOB

turn the head to one side resulting in ipsilateral segmental roll

when does the NOB appear

4-6 months to 2-5 years

what is the NOB for

facilitates rolling

what stimulates the NOB

vestibular and proprioceptive

what is the BOB

flex the hip and knee before crossing the midline resulting in full body segmental roll

when does the BOB appear

4-6 months to 2-5 years

what is the BOB for

facilitates rolling

what stimulates the BOB

proprioceptive

what is babinski

DF fo the 1st toe and fanning of the remaining digits

when does babinski appear

birth to 2 years

what is babinski for

ankle and toe mobility

what stimulates babinski

tactile

what is plantar grasp

toe flexion with pressure

when does plantar grasp appear

birth to 9 months

what is plantar grasp for

foot arch development

what sitmulates plantar grasp

tactile

what is the primary standing reflex

lowering the infant to the floor will result in them extending the knees to initiate WB

when does the primary standing reflex appear

birth to 2 months

what is the primary standing reflex for

extensor tone activation in vertical

what stimulates the primary standing reflex

somatosensory

what is the stepping reflex

leaning the infant forward will result in the feet slowly advancing forward

when does the stepping reflex appear

37 weeks GA to 2 months

what is the stepping reflex for

reciprocal gait

what stimulates the stepping reflex

vestibular

what is the positive support reaction of the legs

lowering the infant towards the ground and the hips and knees will extend

when does the positive support reaction of the legs appear

6-9 months throughout life

what is the positive support reaction for

early standing and WB

what stimulates the positive support reaction

somatosensory

what is the flexor withdrawal

the foot DF, toes ext, and hip flex in response to stimuli

when does the flexor withdrawal appear

birth to 1-2 months

what is the flexor withdrawal for

protective response to noxious sitmuli

what stimulates the flexor withdrawal

tactile

what is the palmar grasp

hand closes and sustains grasp with stimulus

when does the palmar grasp appear

birth to 4-6 months

what is the palmar grasp for

early grasping

what stimulates the palmar grasp

tactile