Stages of Moral Development

Moral Development

Refers to how individuals grow in their ability to distinguish right from wrong and develop ethical reasoning. It involves cognitive, emotional, and social aspects, shaping how people make moral decisions and act in different situations.

Lawrence Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development

• Kohlberg extended Piaget’s theory wherein he proposed that Moral development is a continual process that occurs throughout lifespan.

• He used Piaget's story-telling technique to tell people stories involving moral dilemmas.

• He based his theory upon research and interviews with groups of young children.

Level 1: Preconventional Morality (Childhood)

• A person is motivated by obedience to authority.

• At this stage, moral code is shaped by the standards of adults by following their rules and the consequences of not following.

Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment

• Earliest stage of moral development common in young children.

• Children see rules as fixed and absolute.

Stage 2: Individualism and Exchange

• Reciprocity is possible but only if it serves one's own interest.

• Children recognize that there is not just one right view and that different individuals have different viewpoints.

Level 2: Conventional Morality (Adolescence & Adulthood)

The period that focuses on the acceptance of authority and conforming to the norms of the group regarding what is good and moral.

Stage 3: Developing Good Interpersonal Relationships

• This is focused on living up to social expectation and roles.

• Often referred to as 'good boy - good girl' orientation.

Stage 4: Maintaining Social Order

The focus is on maintaining social order by following the rules, doing one's duty and respcting authority.

Level 3: Postconventional Morality (Adults)

At this level, individuals develop an understanding of their own ethical principles of morality.

Stage 5: Social Contract and Individual Rights

Laws are important but should be questioned if they don't serve justice. Morality is based on individual rights and agreed-upon principles.

Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principles

Morality is guided by internal principles of justice, equality, and human rights, even if it means breaking laws.