Chem Exam 1

chemistry

the study of matter and how it changes

matter

occupied space and has mass

condensed phases

solid(fixed volume and shape), liquid (fixed volume), gas

conservation of matter

matter is neither created nor destroyed

matter is classified as

element, compound, mixture

pure substance

matter that had constant composition and properties

element

cannot be broken down chemically

compound

composed of one of more elements, can be broken down into elements

mixtures

composed of 2 or more types of matter

heterogenous

varies from point to point (clam chowder)

homogenous

completely uniform

atom

smallest particle of an element that has properties of that element, combine to make compounds

molecule

2 or more atoms of any kind combined by chemical bonds

Physical Change

not associated with change in the chemical composition of matter

Chemical Change

associated with change in composition

extensive properties

a property that depends on the amount of sample

intensive properties

do not depend on amount of sample

basic unit

meter, kilogram, second, kelvin, mole

nano, n

x10^-9

micro

x10^-6

mili, m

x10^-3

centi, c

x10^-2

deci, d

x10^-1

kilo, k

x10^3

atoms

building blocks of matter

JJ Thompson

1800s discovered the electron- plum pudding model

rutherford

1900s disgorged atomic nucleus- gold foil experiment

atomic #

z, number of protons in atom

mass #

A, total number of protons and neutrons

net charge

# of protons- # of electrons

isotope

atom with same # of proton but different number of neutron

cation

positive ion

anion

negative ion

NH+4

cation- ammonium

OH-

anion- hydroxide

CO3 -2

anion carbonate

HCO3 -

anion bicarbonate

NO3 -

anion nitrate

SO4 -2

anion- sulfate

PO4 -3

phosphate

ionic compounds

metal and nonmetal