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The malleus, incus, and stapes are small bones:
a. in the inner ear.
b. in the outer ear.
c. that transmit information from the outer ear to the middle ear.
d. that transmit information from the tympanic membrane to the oval window.
d. that transmit information from the tympanic membrane to the oval window.
Perception of a low tone is to ____ as perception of a high tone is to ____.
a. volley principle; frequency theory
b. frequency theory; place theory
c. place theory; volley principle
d. gate theory; frequency theory
b. frequency theory; place theory
Where is the basal membrane most sensitive to the vibrations of low-frequency sound waves?
a. closest to the cochlea
b. at the apex, farthest from the cochlea
c. about half-way between the cochlea and the apex
d. It is equally sensitive across the entire membrane.
b. at the apex, farthest from the cochlea
Which of the following statements about nerve deafness is FALSE?
a. It can be caused by inadequate oxygen to the brain at birth.
b. Hearing aids can compensate for some of the hearing loss.
c. Prolonged exposure to loud noise is one of the most common causes.
d. With surgical treatment, it is possible to regain normal hearing.
d. With surgical treatment, it is possible to regain normal hearing.
The heat receptor responds to ____, the chemical that makes jalapeños.
a. tryptophan
b. pacinian
c. menthol
d. capsaicin
d. capsaicin
Morphine and other opiate drugs decrease sensitivity to pain by:
a. depleting substance P from parts of the nervous system.
b. mimicking the effects of endorphins at the synapses.
c. preventing sodium from crossing the membrane.
d. altering blood flow to various parts of the nervous system.
b. mimicking the effects of endorphins at the synapses
Why does orange juice taste unpleasant just after one uses toothpaste?
a. Toothpaste contains a chemical that changes certain taste receptors.
b. When the teeth are clean, the acid in the orange juice irritates them.
c. Toothpaste removes a coating that protects the tongue.
d. Toothpaste enhances the binding of molecules to sweetness receptors.
a. Toothpaste contains a chemical that changes certain taste receptors.
Sweetness, bitterness and umami receptors operate by:
a. closing potassium channels.
b. depolarizing the membranes.
c. activating a protein which causes the release of a second messenger.
d. simply permitting sodium ions to cross their membranes.
c. activating a protein which causes the release of a second messenger.
One reason why we have difficulty tasting low concentrations of a bitter chemical is that:
a. we have dozens of different types of bitter receptors.
b. bitter receptors are located only on the back of the tongue.
c. bitter receptors have axons with very slow conduction velocities.
d. each bitter receptor responds to a wide variety of chemicals.
a. we have dozens of different types of bitter receptors.
What do we conclude if two tastes produce cross-adaptation?
a. They stimulate the same receptors.
b. They produce different temporal patterns of action potentials.
c. They send their input to different parts of the cortex.
d. They have the same chemical structure.
a. They stimulate the same receptors
How does a placebo affect pain?
a. People say they feel better, but the brain shows no difference.
b. The emotional response is decreased.
c. The receptors themselves become desensitized.
d. The pain axons slow their conduction velocities.
b. The emotional response is decreased
Solan has experienced damage to area S1 and has no conscious perception of touch. Solan nevertheless reacts emotionally to touch. Which brain areas are probably responsible for Solan’s emotional response?
a. Anterior cingulate and insular cortex
Note 
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