1.1.1 Intro to Microbiology

Which of the following pathogens are subcellular biological entities?

A. prions

B. chlamydiae

C. Fungi

D. Rickettsiae

E. viruses

F. Protozoa

G. Helminths

H. Arthropods

I. Mycoplasma

J. Classic Bacteria

A,E

Which of the following pathogens are prokaryotic microorganisms?

A. prions

B. chlamydiae

C. Fungi

D. Rickettsiae

E. viruses

F. Protozoa

G. Helminths

H. Arthropods

I. Mycoplasma

J. Classic Bacteria

B,D,I,J

Which of the following pathogens are eukaryotic microorganisms?

A. prions

B. chlamydiae

C. Fungi

D. Rickettsiae

E. viruses

F. Protozoa

G. Helminths

H. Arthropods

I. Mycoplasma

J. Classic Bacteria

C,F

Which of the following pathogens are animals?

A. prions

B. chlamydiae

C. Fungi

D. Rickettsiae

E. viruses

F. Protozoa

G. Helminths

H. Arthropods

I. Mycoplasma

J. Classic Bacteria

G,H

What is a key feature of prokaryotic microorganisms?

lack of a defined nucleus

What is a key feature of eukaryotic microorganisms?

has a defined nucleus which contains DNA

All prokaryotic microorganisms have a rigid cell wall with the exception of?

A. chlamydiae

B. Rickettsiae

C. Mycoplasma

D. classic bacteria

C. mycoplasma

How do bacteria replicate?

binary fission

How many cells do bacteria have?

single celled

Do bacteria have membrane bound organelles?

no

Virulence factors __________ infectivity?

A. increase

B. decrease

A. increase

bacteria have a rigid cell wall containing _____________.

A. flagella

B. peptidoglycan

C. Lipid A

D. Exotoxins

B. peptidoglycan

What is the first step of the gram staining process after fixing the organism to the slide?

A. Wash off with water and flood with iodine solution. Wait 60 seconds

B. wash off with water then decolorize with 95% alcohol

C. counter stain with safranin. wait 30 seconds and wash off with water

D. Apply crystal violet stain (purple dye) and wait 60 seconds

D. Apply crystal violet stain (purple dye) and wait 60 seconds

How long should you wait after applying the crystal violet stain (purple dye) before continuing

A. 60 seconds

B. 30 seconds

C. 90 seconds

D. you dont have to wait

A. 60 seconds

What is the second step of the gram staining process?

A. Apply crystal violet stain and wait 60 seconds

B. Wash off with water and flood with iodine solution. Wait 60 seconds

C. wash off with water then decolorize with 95% alcohol

D. counter stain with safranin. wait 30 seconds and wash off with water

B. Wash off with water and flood with iodine solution. Wait 60 seconds

Iodine is a mordant. What does this mean?

It will trap crystal violet in the cell wall if it is present

What is the third step in the gram staining process?

A. Wash off with water and flood with iodine solution. Wait 60 seconds

B. wash off with water then decolorize with 95% alcohol

C. counter stain with safranin. wait 30 seconds and wash off with water

D. Apply crystal violet stain (purple dye) and wait 60 seconds

B. wash off with water then decolorize with 95% alcohol

What is the last step of the gram staining process?

A. Wash off with water and flood with iodine solution. Wait 60 seconds

B. wash off with water then decolorize with 95% alcohol

C. counter stain with safranin (red dye). wait 30 seconds and wash off with water

D. Apply crystal violet stain (purple dye) and wait 60 seconds

C. counter stain with safranin (red dye). wait 30 seconds and wash off with water

What color will appear if your gram stain is positive?

blue or purple

what color will appear if your gram stain is negative?

red or pink

What does having a positive gram stain mean?

The organism has a thicker cell wall

What is the morphology of cocci bacteria?

A. rod-shaped

B. spiral

C. spherical

C. spherical

What is the morphology of bacilli bacteria?

A. rod-shaped

B. spiral

C. spherical

A. rod-shaped

What is the morphology of spirochete bacteria?

A. rod-shaped

B. spiral

C. spherical

B. spiral

Categorize the following bacteria with the correct morphology: Staphylococcus

A. coccus (spherical)

B. bacillus (rod-shaped)

C. spirochete (spiral)

A. coccus (spherical)

Categorize the following bacteria with the correct morphology: streptococcus

A. coccus (spherical)

B. bacillus (rod-shaped)

C. spirochete (spiral)

A. coccus (spherical)

Categorize the following bacteria with the correct morphology: enterococcus

A. coccus (spherical)

B. bacillus (rod-shaped)

C. spirochete (spiral)

A. coccus (spherical)

Categorize the following bacteria with the correct morphology: neisseria

A. coccus (spherical)

B. bacillus (rod-shaped)

C. spirochete (spiral)

A. coccus (spherical)

Categorize the following bacteria with the correct morphology: listeria

A. coccus (spherical)

B. bacillus (rod-shaped)

C. spirochete (spiral)

B. bacillus (rod-shaped)

Categorize the following bacteria with the correct morphology: clostridium

A. coccus (spherical)

B. bacillus (rod-shaped)

C. spirochete (spiral)

B. bacillus (rod-shaped)

Categorize the following bacteria with the correct morphology: E. coli

A. coccus (spherical)

B. bacillus (rod-shaped)

C. spirochete (spiral)

B. bacillus (rod-shaped)

Categorize the following bacteria with the correct morphology: shigella

A. coccus (spherical)

B. bacillus (rod-shaped)

C. spirochete (spiral)

B. bacillus (rod-shaped)

Categorize the following bacteria with the correct morphology: klebsiella

A. coccus (spherical)

B. bacillus (rod-shaped)

C. spirochete (spiral)

B. bacillus (rod-shaped)

Categorize the following bacteria with the correct morphology: serratia

A. coccus (spherical)

B. bacillus (rod-shaped)

C. spirochete (spiral)

B. bacillus (rod-shaped)

Categorize the following bacteria with the correct morphology: pseudomonas

A. coccus (spherical)

B. bacillus (rod-shaped)

C. spirochete (spiral)

B. bacillus (rod-shaped)

Categorize the following bacteria with the correct morphology: Bacteroides

A. coccus (spherical)

B. bacillus (rod-shaped)

C. spirochete (spiral)

B. bacillus (rod-shaped)

Categorize the following bacteria with the correct morphology: Treponema

A. coccus (spherical)

B. bacillus (rod-shaped)

C. spirochete (spiral)

C. spirochete (spiral)

Categorize the following bacteria as gram positive or gram negative: Staphylococcus

gram positive

Categorize the following bacteria as gram positive or gram negative: streptococcus

gram positive

Categorize the following bacteria as gram positive or gram negative: enterococcus

gram positive

Categorize the following bacteria as gram positive or gram negative: listeria

gram positive

Categorize the following bacteria as gram positive or gram negative: costridium

gram positive

Categorize the following bacteria as gram positive or gram negative: neisseria

gram negative

Categorize the following bacteria as gram positive or gram negative: E. coli

gram negative

Categorize the following bacteria as gram positive or gram negative: shigella

gram negative

Categorize the following bacteria as gram positive or gram negative: klebsiella

gram negative

Categorize the following bacteria as gram positive or gram negative: serratia

gram negative

Categorize the following bacteria as gram positive or gram negative: pseudomonas

gram negative

Categorize the following bacteria as gram positive or gram negative: bacteroides

gram negative

Categorize the following bacteria as gram positive or gram negative: treponema

gram negative

how are staphylococcus arranged?

A. chains

B. pairs and chains

C. clusters

C. clusters

How are streptococcus arranged?

A. chains

B. pairs and chains

C. clusters

A. chains

How are enterococcus arranged?

A. chains

B. pairs and chains

C. clusters

B. pairs and chains

What are normal flora?

microbes that are typically found at a specific anatomic site

Where are bacteroides normally found?

colon, throat, vagina

where are clostridium normally found?

colon

where are enterococcus normally found?

colon

where are E. coli normally found?

colon, vagina, genitourinary tract

where are propionibacterium acnes normally found?

skin

where are staphylococcus aureus normally found?

nose, skin

where are staphylococcus epidermidis normally found?

skin, nose, mouth, vagina, urethra

What organism is gram-positive cocci in clusters and can cause boils/abcesses?

A. Streptococcus pneumoniae

B. E. coli

C. staphylococcus aureus

D. enterococci faecalis

C. staphylococcus aureus

What organism is gram-positive cocci in clusters and can cause bacteremia?

A. Streptococcus pneumoniae

B. E. coli

C. staphylococcus aureus

D. enterococci faecalis

C. staphylococcus aureus

What organism is gram-positive cocci in clusters and can cause pneumonia?

A. Streptococcus pneumoniae

B. E. coli

C. staphylococcus aureus

D. enterococci faecalis

C. staphylococcus aureus

What organism is gram-positive cocci in clusters and can cause endocarditis?

A. Streptococcus pneumoniae

B. E. coli

C. staphylococcus aureus

D. enterococci faecalis

C. staphylococcus aureus

What organism is gram-positive cocci in chains and can cause cellulitis?

A. Streptococcus pneumoniae

B. streptococcus pyogenes

C. staphylococcus aureus

D. enterococci faecalis

B. streptococcus pyogenes

What organism is gram-positive cocci in chains and can cause necrotizing fasciitis?

A. Streptococcus pneumoniae

B. streptococcus pyogenes

C. staphylococcus aureus

D. enterococci faecalis

B. streptococcus pyogenes

What organism is gram-positive cocci in chains and can cause acute pharyngitis?

A. Streptococcus pneumoniae

B. streptococcus pyogenes

C. staphylococcus aureus

D. enterococci faecalis

B. streptococcus pyogenes

What organism is gram-positive cocci in chains and can cause pneumonia?

A. Streptococcus pneumoniae

B. streptococcus pyogenes

C. staphylococcus aureus

D. enterococci faecalis

A. Streptococcus pneumoniae

What organism is gram-positive cocci in chains and can cause meningitis?

A. Streptococcus pneumoniae

B. streptococcus pyogenes

C. staphylococcus aureus

D. enterococci faecalis

A. Streptococcus pneumoniae

What organism is gram-positive cocci in pairs and chains and can cause intraabdominal infections ?

A. Streptococcus pneumoniae

B. streptococcus pyogenes

C. staphylococcus aureus

D. enterococci faecalis

D. enterococci faecalis

What organism is gram negative rod shaped and can cause urinary tract infections?

A. Clostridium tetani

B. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

C. E. coli

D. bacteroides fragilis

C. E. coli

What organism is gram negative rod shaped and can cause intraabdominal infections?

A. Clostridium tetani

B. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

C. E. coli

D. bacteroides fragilis

C. E. coli

What organism is gram negative rod shaped and can cause pneumonia?

A. Clostridium tetani

B. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

C. E. coli

D. bacteroides fragilis

B. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Which organism is an anaerobe that causes tetanus?

A. Clostridium tetani

B. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

C. E. coli

D. bacteroides fragilis

A. Clostridium tetani

Which organism is an anaerobe that causes intraabdominal infections

A. Clostridium tetani

B. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

C. E. coli

D. bacteroides fragilis

D. bacteroides fragilis

KNOW SLIDE

KNOW SLIDE

Gives rigid support, protects against osmotic pressure, is the site of action for antibiotics

A. teichoic acids

B. Peptidoglycan

C. Lipopolysaccharide

D. Porin Channel

B. Peptidoglycan

gives cell structure, protects against antibiotic attack, cell division, surface antigen

A. teichoic acids

B. Peptidoglycan

C. Lipopolysaccharide

D. Porin Channel

A. teichoic acids

barrier against antibiotics, modulates response by the host immune system

A. teichoic acids

B. Peptidoglycan

C. Lipopolysaccharide

D. Porin Channel

C. Lipopolysaccharide

passage on nutrients, antibiotics, site for development of antibiotic resistance

A. teichoic acids

B. Peptidoglycan

C. Lipopolysaccharide

D. Porin Channel

D. Porin Channel

What type of Bacterial cells have peptidoglycan?

A. gram negative

B. gram positive

C. both

C. BOTH gram negative and gram positive

What type of Bacterial cells have teichoic acids?

A. gram negative

B. gram positive

C. both

B. gram positive

What type of Bacterial cells have lipopolysaccharide?

A. gram negative

B. gram positive

C. both

A. gram negative

What type of Bacterial cells have porin channels?

A. gram negative

B. gram positive

C. both

A. gram negative

What type of Bacterial cells has a higher lipid content?

A. gram negative

B. gram positive

C. both

A. gram negative

What type of Bacterial cells has a lower lipid content?

A. gram negative

B. gram positive

C. both

B. gram positive

What type of Bacterial cells is more susceptible to antibiotics?

A. gram negative

B. gram positive

C. both

B. gram positive

What type of Bacterial cells is more resistant to antibiotics?

A. gram negative

B. gram positive

C. both

A. gram negative

Where is peptidoglycan found?

only in cell wall

what cross links D and L amino acids?

A. transpeptidase

B. glycosyltransferase

C. Crosslinktidase

D. aminoacidlinkerase

A. transpeptidase

In peptidoglycan what carbohydrates are alternating?

N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) and N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)

When is lipid A released?

A. When the bacteria replicates

B. when the bacteria undergoes lysis

C. when the bacteria is shocked

D. when the bacteria joins plasmid

B. when the bacteria undergoes lysis

What is the cause of fever and shock secondary to infection?

A. LPS

B. peptidoglycan

C. lipid A

D. porin channel

C. lipid A

not a protein that is excreted from the cell but rather a normal component of the cell

A. endocytosis

B. endotoxin

C. exocytosis

D. exotoxin

B. endotoxin

Lipid A is an _______________

A. endocytosis

B. endotoxin

C. exocytosis

D. exotoxin

B. endotoxin

proteins are released by both gram negative and gram positive bacteria

A. endocytosis

B. endotoxin

C. exocytosis

D. exotoxin

D. exotoxin

neurotoxin and enterotoxin are _______________

A. endocytosis

B. endotoxin

C. exocytosis

D. exotoxin

D. exotoxin

Which of the following are virulence factors for adherence?

A. Capsule

B. flagella

C. spores

D. glycoclayx

E. pili

F. biofilm

A. Capsule

D. glycoclayx

E. pili