Physics Concepts and Definitions

These flashcards cover key physics concepts, their definitions, and important laws or principles relevant to the lecture notes.

Angular Momentum

The ratio of magnetic dipole moment to it is the gyromagnetic ratio.

Entropy

Clausius inequality defines it.

Index of Refraction

The square root of permittivity times permeability.

Neutrinos

Studied in the Homestake experiment.

Protons

Its antiparticle was discovered at the Bevatron collider.

Spin

Bosons have integer values of it, and fermions have half-integer values.

Lasers

Theodore Maiman created the first one using a ruby crystal.

General Relativity

Predicted frame dragging and gravitational lensing.

Heat

Entropy can't decrease in an isolated system.

Surface Tension

Has an inverse relationship with temperature due to Eotvos rule.

Kinematic Viscosity

Ratio of inertial to viscous forces.

Diffusion

Fick's law states that flux is proportional to concentration gradient.

Photons

They mediate electromagnetic force.

Quantum Tunneling

Related to alpha decay as explained by George Gamow.

Fermions

They follow the Pauli Exclusion principle.

Precession

Torque-induced form observed in gyroscopes.

Work

Dot product of force and displacement.

Electric Field

Coulomb's Law describes this as an inverse-square force.

Velocity

Lorentz factor relates to speed in special relativity.

Black Holes

The no-hair theorem states they are characterized by mass, charge, and angular momentum.

Nuclear Fusion

CNO cycle and proton-proton chain are examples of this process.