Apologia Biology Module 9: Prokaryotes and Viruses

Taxonomy

The science dealing with the description, identification, naming, and classification of organisms

Binomial nomenclature

Naming an organism with its genus and species name

Antibiotic

A chemical secreted by a living organism that kills or reduces the reproduction rate of other organisms

Kingdom Monera

Prokaryotes

Kingdom Protista

One cell or simple association

Kingdom Fungi

Mostly multicellular decomposers

Kingdom Plantae

Multicellular and (mostly) autotrophs

Kingdom Animalia

Multicellular Heterotrophs

Domain Archae

Archaebacteria

Domain Bacteria

Eubacteria

Domain Eukarya

Kingdom Protista, Kingdom Fungi, Kingdom Plantae, Kingdom Animalia

Pathogen

An organism that causes disease

Saprophyte

An organism that feeds on dead matter

Endospore

A thick internal wall (made of several hard layers), produced by the bacterium, that encloses it's DNA and other essential parts

Conjugation

A temporary union of two organisms for the purpose of DNA transfer

Transformation

The transfer of a DNA segment from a nonfunctional donor cell to that of a functional recipient cell

Transduction

The process in which infection by a virus results in DNA being transferred from one bacterium

Vaccine

A weakened or inactive version of a pathogen that stimulates the body's production of antibodies which can aid in destroying the pathogen

Lytic cycle

A virus enters a cell, hijacks the host cell's DNA replication system, makes copies of itself, and causes the cell to burst, releasing more viruses.

Lysogenic cycle

A virus enters a cell, embeds its DNA into the DNA of the host cell, and is replicated along with the host cell's DNA