C2.4 Organic Compounds (Basics)

carboxylic acid

Aldehyde

Ester

Ketone

Amide

General family name

Alkene

Alcohol

Nitrile

General family term

Alkyne

Acid anhydride

Acid chloride

Carboxylate ion

Skeletal formula

A formula that shows just the carbon backbone and any functional group.

Displayed formula

a formula showing all bonds and all atoms

Structural formula

A formula showing groups of atoms but few/no bonds

General formula

an algebraic formula applied to homologous series

Carboxylic acid suffix

oic acid

Aldehyde suffix

al

Ketone suffix

one

Ester suffix

oate

Amide suffix

amide

Alkene suffix

ene

Alkane suffix

ane

Alcohol suffix

ol

Nitrile suffix

nitrile

Alkyne suffix

yne

Amine suffix

amine

Amine prefix

amino

Alcohol prefix

hydroxy

Saturated carbon chain prefix

yl

Addition reaction

two or more substances reacting to form one

Substitution reaction

Part of one molecule swapping with another part of another molecule

Elmination

A reaction where a small molecule is released

Hydrolysis

using water to cause the breaking of a bond(s)

Oxidation

addition of oxygen or removal of hydrogen

Reduction

Removal of oxygen or addition of hydrogen

Electrophile

lone pair acceptor

Nucleophile

lone pair donor

Radical

a highly excited species with an unpaired electron

Homolytic fission

bond breaking where the covalent bond splits equally forming radicals

Heterolytic fission

where the covalent bond breaks unevenly forming ions

Monomer

a single unit that joins together to make a polymer

Polymer

a long repeating chain of many monomers

Structural isomer

same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms

Increasing chain length

increases melting point and boiling point of hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbon

a compound made only of carbon and hydrogen