epic of gilgamesh

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mesopotamia

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mesopotamia

cradle of civilization

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cuneiform

ca 3500 BC oldest system of syllabic writing

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sumerians

earliest civilization to settle in mesopotamia 6500-1940 BC; produced first Gilgamesh stories ca 2100 BC

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uruk

capital city of Sumur. where gilgamesh was king 2900 BC

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Akkadians

conequered sumerians from 2300-2100 BC

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Babylonians

1900-500 BC; Took Gilgamesh stories and weaved them into one epic 1850 BC

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Assyrians

not akkadians. 2400 BC-600 BC

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Epic of Gilgamesh

oldest major work of literature composed by human beings

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"Surpassing all other Kings"

first edited version of Gilgamesh ca 1850 BC

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Sin-leqi-unninni

translates and modifies first version of Epic to Akkadian - he who saw the deep

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"He Who Saw the Deep"

named after opening lines 1300-1250!!!!!

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Lacuna

gaps or missing lines in the story of gilgamesh

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temple maiden

vaguely defined term. surrogate for a god or goddess/way to sexually and spiritually commune with the goddes or god of temple. shown as character Shamhat

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polytheism

worship of many gods. based on nature spirits

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mesopotamian religion

polytheistic religion that precedes Judaism in the Middle East

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Eanna

"downtown area" of Uruk. birthplace of urban culture

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Anu

sky god, distant and aloof. king of the gods

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enlil

god of land. most powerful of the gods. "the warrior"

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ea

god of wisdom and magic. works with Aruru, resides in freshwater ocean under the world

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ereshkigal

queen of the underworld

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ishtar

goddess of love and warfare. symbol is lion

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shamash

sun god. protector of travelers

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sin

majestic son of Enlil. god of moon

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Ninsun

Gilgamesh's mom, daughter of Anu. "Wild cow Ninsun"

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Aruru

Mother goddess. made mankind with the help of Ea.

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Shiduri

goddess of wine

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Ninurta

god of hunting and war

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