Final-Subjunctive Forms and Relative Pronouns

How to form present subjunctif

For singular subjects(je,tu,il/elle/on)

1. take the (ils/elles) form of the present verb

2. Remove the -ent ending

3. Add Appropriate endings

4. je-e, tu-es, il/elle/on-e, ils/elles-ent

For second person pronouns (nous et vous)

1. use the ons present stem

2. remove the ons

3. add appropriate endings

4. nous-ions, vous-iez

How to form past subjunctive?

1. use the present tense subjunctive of the auxiliary verb (être ou avoir)

   être:

2. je-sois, tu-sois, il/elle/on-soit, nous-soyons, vous-soyez, ils/elles-soient

   avoir:

3. je-aie, tu-aies,il/elle/onait, nous-ayons, vous-ayez, ils/elles-aient

4. Past participle of the main verb

When to use subjunctive in general

-emotions that express emotion, order, banning or advising, desire

-joy,fear,suprise, anger, sadness, desire

-doubt

impersonelles

À condition que

provided that

à moins que

unless

afin que

so that

avant que

before

bien que

although

de peur/crainte que

for fear that

de sorte que

so that

en attendant que

while, until

jusqu’a ce que

until

malgré que

in spite of/despite

pour que

in order that

pourvu que

provided that

quoi que

although

sans que

without

What is a relative pronoun?

introduces a clause that explains or describes a previously mentioned noun

example: Tex écrit un roman. Le roman s’appelle Guerre et amour

Tex écrit un roman qui s’appelle Guerre et amour

Qui

-introduces additional information

-the subject of the subordinate clause

-usually followed by a verb

example: Betty est la femme qui adore Jared

Que

-direct object proceeding the v

Marie verb

-followed by a subject

Marie est la femme que j’ai vu hier soir.

Ce qui

-the thing that

-somehting unstated or unspecfricied

-was not previously expressed

-the subject

-followed by a verb

example: Ce qui est fascinant, c’est sa description.

Ce que

-the thing that

-what, that, which

Tout ce que Tex crée est tellement original!

Dont

-of which, which, whose

-replaces de + quelquechose or de +chose

example:

J’ai beacoup aimé ce film dont tu m’as parlé

Lequel/Laquelle/LequelsLaquelles

-which

-replaces a noun→proceeded (the thing before) by a preposition (à, sur, dans, etc.)

example: La chaisse sur laquelle je suis assis.