Human Anatomy & Physiology Practice Questions

Anatomical features that change during illness are studied in?

Pathological anatomy

The study of the relationships of the body’s structures by examining cross sections of tissues or organs is called?

Sectional anatomy

The central principle of physiology is?

Homeostasis

The wrist is ___ to the elbow.

Distal

The chin is ___ to the nose.

Inferior

The liver is primarily located in the ____ quadrant.

Right upper

The diaphragm muscle separates the ____ from the ____.

Thoracic cavity; abdominopelvic cavity

By weight, which element is the second most abundant in the human body?

Carbon

Carbohydrates molecules ___

Are the body’s most abundant available source of energy

Which of the following is/are needed to form a triglyceride molecule?

3 fatty acid molecules and 1 glycerol molecule

Which form of endoplasmic reticulum modifies and packages newly synthesized proteins?

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Which organelle is more prominent in cells that make large amounts of protein?

Nucleolus

Where is the tissue level of organiation?

Between cells and organs

Which of the four basic tissues types form coverings or linings of organs?

Epithelial tissue

A type of intercellular junction that stops materials from crossing an epithelium between cells is called a(n)

Tight junction

The function of simple cuboidal epithelium is?

Absorption and secretion

Glands that secrete their product by the bursting of cells are ____ glands.

Holocrine

What are lipids?

Forms essential structural components of cells
Help to maintain body temperature
Cushion organs against shock

What are carbohydrate molecules?

The body’s most readily available source of energy

Which of the following is not a function of steroids?

They are a significant energy reserve for the body

Synthesis of lipids and glycogen takes place at the?

Smooth ER

Some cells contain large number of mitochondria while others have relatively few or none. This suggests that

Cells with large numbers of mitochondria have a high energy demand

The pancreas produces ____ secretions that include digestive enzymes and hormones, respectively

exocrine and endocrine

Blood is which type of tissue?

Connective

Which tissue lines the small intestine and the stomach?

Simple columnar epithelium

Each of the following is a function of the integumentary system except

Synthesis of vitamin C

Characteristics of the epidermis include

Multilayered

Flexible

Contains desmosomes
Serves as UV radiation protection

The layer of epidermis where most cells have stopped dividing and started making large amounts of keratin is the?

Stratum granulosum

The amount of time it takes for a cell to progress from stratum Basale to stratum corneum is?

7-10 days

The cutaneous plexus is?

A deep network of dermal arteries along the boundary of the reticular layer`

An albino individual lacks the ability to produce?

Melanin

Melanin is produced by melanocytes within the stratum?

Basale

Which of the following is not true of melanin?

Melanin is released by exocytosis

Vitamin D3 is important for proper ___ development

Bone

The two components of the integumentary system are the?

Cutaneous membrane and accessory structures

Which of the following is formed in the skin when it is exposed to sunlight?

Vitamin D

Which of the following statements is not true about rickets?

It is usually genetic

The layer of stem cells that constantly divide to renew the epidermis is the?

Stratum Basale

Thin skin contains ___ epidermal layer(s) and thick skin contains ___

4 ; 5

The sensory cells associated with the deep layers of the epidermis are?

Merkel cells

The subpapillary plexus is?

A superficial network of dermal arteries

The layer of hard keratin that acts as the surface of the hair is termed the

Cuticle

Variations in hair color reflect difference in the pigment produced by

Melanocytes

Fine hairs (like “velvet”) that lack pigment and cover much of the body surface are called ___ hairs

Vellus

Arrange the layers of the hair follicle from outermost to innermost layers

Connective tissue sheath

Glassy membrane

External root sheath

Internal root sheath

Cuticle

Cortex

Medulla

Glands that discharge an oily secretion into hair follicles are ___ glands

Sebaceous

The ___ glands in the axilla become active at time of puberty

Apocrine sweat

The highest concentration of merocrine sweat glands is found

On the palms of the hands

___ sweat glands are widely distributed across the body surface, ___ glands are located wherever hair follicles exist, ___ sweat glands are found only in a few areas

Merocrine; sebaceous; apocrine

Which of the following is not a function of the exocrine sweat gland?

It conditions the surrounding skin with its lipid secretion

What types of glands are found in the skin?

Sebaceous glands and sweat glands

The nail body covers the

Nail bed

Nail production occurs at the nail

Root

The type of burn that may require a skin graft is a ___ burn

Third

The following are stages in the regeneration of skin following an injury. What is the correct order of these events?

Inflammation

Cellular migration

Epidermis covers granulation tissue

Epidermis covers scar tissue

When the arrector pili muscles contract,

“Goose bumps” are formed

Glands that discharge an oily secretion into hair follicles are ___ glands

Sebaceous

Merocrine sweat glands

Secrete a watery fluid directly onto the surface of the skin

Which of the following is not a function of the sebum?

It helps the skin shed excess heat

During repair of the integument, fibroblasts follow areas of new capillary growth and produce ___ tissue

Granulation

The type of burn that may require a skin graft is a ___ burn

Third - degree

The nail body covers the

Nail bed

Which of following is a function of the skeletal system?

Body support

Calcium homeostasis

Protection of internal organs

Blood cell production

The shaft of long bones is called the

Diaphysis

A chamber within a bone normally filled with air is a

Sinus

A ___ is a rounded passageway for passage of blood vessels and/or nerves

Foramen

The adult skeleton contains ___ major bones

206

The carpal bones are examples of ____ bones

Short

The patella is an example of a(n) ___ bone

Sesamoid

The humerus is an example of a(n) ___ bone

Long

The region of a long bone between the end and the shaft is known as the

Metaphysis

Bones that have thin parallel surfaces are

Flat bones

Bones that have complex shapes are

Irregular bones

Canaliculi are

Narrow passageways in the matrix connecting lacunae to blood supply

Which of the following is not true of osteocytes?

Osteocytes have 50 or more nuclei

Which of the following is true of osteoclasts?

Osteoclasts secrete protein digesting enzymes and acids that dissolve the matrix

Which of the following is/are produced from the monocyte stem cells?

Osteoclasts

Which of the following labels best matches osteocyte?

Mature bone cell

___ are stem cells that develop into osteoblasts

Osteogenic cells

Through the action of osteoclasts

Bony matrix is dissolved

The space occupied by an osteocyte is called

Lacuna

In bone, the calcium phosphate forms crystals of

Hydroxyapatite

___ marrow is found between the trabeculae of spongy bone

Red

The layers of bone tissue immediately deep to the periosteum are

Circumferential lamellae

The carpal bones are examples of ___ bones

Short

Which of the following is not true of osteocytes?

Osteocytes have 50 or more nuclei

The layers of bone tissue immediately deep to the periosteum are

Circumferential lamellae

The central canal of an osteon contains

Blood vessels

Stem cells that can differentiate into osteoblasts are called ___ cells

Osteogenic

Adipose tissue is stored within the

Medullary cavity

What type of tissue is replaced in the embryo during endochondral ossification?

Hyaline cartilage

Which of the following is formed by intramembranous ossification?

The roof of the skull and the clavicle

Endochondral ossification beings with the formation of a(n)

Cartilage model

The ongoing process of tearing down and rebuilding bone matrix is called?

Remodeling

Which hormone increases calcium and phosphate ion absorption by the intestines?

Calcitriol

RANKL or receptor activators of nuclear factor kB

Is a signal molecule that stimulate osteoclasts development

Excessive growth hormone prior to puberty could result in

Gigantism

The natural age-related loss of bone mass is called

Osteopenia

Identify the mismatched pair

Thoracic cage; sternum and 24 ribs and 2 clavicles

Which of the following is the heel bone?

Calcaneus