English Review Test Grade 8 1st Quarter

Nouns

Is a word that names something: Either a person, place, or a thing.

Proper Nouns

Is a specific name of a person, place, or a thing, and is always capitalized

Common Nouns

is sometimes known as generic noun.

Concrete nouns

is a noun that can be identified through one of the five senses (taste, touch, sight, hearing, or smell).

Abstract nouns

represent intangible ideas—things you can't perceive with the five main senses. Words like love, time, beauty, and science are all under this type of common noun because you can't touch them or see them.

Collective Nouns

a noun that denotes a group of individuals

Nouns As Subject

is a noun that is the subject of a sentence. The subject of a sentence is the performer of the verb

direct object

is a word or phrase that receives the action of the verb.

indirect object

the object that is the recipient or beneficiary of the action of the verb

Object of Preposition

a noun (or word/phrase acting as a noun) that works with a preposition to form a prepositional phrase.

Appositive

is a noun or noun phrase that clarifies, identifies, describes, or otherwise renames another noun or noun phrase.

Object
Complement

is a word that follows a direct object to state what it has become. may be a noun, pronoun, or adjective

Subject Complement

is a word or phrase that follows a linking verb and identifies or describes the subject.

Context Clues

are hints found within a sentence, paragraph, or passage that a reader can use to understand the meanings of new or unfamiliar words.

Description Clue

The new term may be formally defined, or sufficient explanation may be given within the
sentence or in the following sentence. Clues to include “that is,” commas, dashes,
and parentheses.

Example Clues

Sometimes when a reader finds a new word, an example might be found nearby that helps to
explain its meaning. Words like including, such as, and for example, point out this context clue

Synonym Restatement Clues

The reader may discover the meaning of an unknown word because it repeats an idea
expressed in familiar words nearby.

Contrast /Antonym Clues

are words with opposite meanings. This Type of Context clue contrasts
the meaning of an unfamiliar word with the meaning of a familiar term. Words like
“although,” “however,” and “but” may signal this type of context clues.

Epics

a long narrative that relates deeds of larger-than-life heros who embodies traits of society

Proverbs

A short traditional saying that expresses some obvious truth or familiar experience

oral tradition

stories passed from generation to generations through word of mouth

Dilemma/Enigma tale

moral tale that ends with questions to allow audience to share judgement.

Chain/Cumulative tale

for mulaic, each incident is repeated asd new incident are added.

Old Ghana

a strong and prosperous kingdom: mainly traders of salt and gold

Old Mali

overtook old Ghana for Supermacy

Songhai

the last of the great kingdoms

Timbuktu

the marriage of songhai and old mali empires: hugely successful kingdom.

Modals

They are auxiliary verbs that provides additional and specific meaning to the main verb of the sentence.

Adverbs

Are words that modify, a verb ,an adjective ,and another adverb

Adverbs of time

tell us WHEN something happened or when someone did something. it may also tell us the duration of the action

Adverb of place

Tells us where something is done or happened. These mainly modify verbs

Adverb of Manner

tells us HOW something is done or happened. These commonly end in -ly. They are usually placed either after the main verbs or after the object

Adverb of degree

Tells us the INTENSITY or EXENT of something. They are usually place before the adjective, adverb, or verb that they modify,
although there are some exceptions

Adverb of Frequency

Tell us how many times or how often something happens.

Adverb of Affirmation or Negation

Tells us whether something is true or some equivalent expression or negative statement, judgement, or doctrine