Care of the Family with Adolescent

13 to 18 or 20 years

According to Flagg and Pillitteri, adolescence is generally defined as the period between ages ____ of age. Now when we talk about adolescence, this is the transition from your childhood to your adulthood.

Adolescents

both grow rapidly and mature dramatically during the period from age 13 to 18 to 20 years.

20

PHYSICAL GROWTH

Your Quantitative changes stop at ___years of age

8 to 12

16 to 20

The major milestones of physical development in the adolescent period are the onset of puberty at ___ years of age, and the cessation of body growth around ____ years.

Weight

At first, the gain in physical growth is mostly in ___, leading to the stocky, slightly obese appearance of prepubescence; later comes the thin, gangly appearance of late adolescence.

Early period

Middle period

Late period

Now, based on your book, adolescence can be divided into three:

Early period

from 13 years old to 14 years of age.

Middle period

from 15 years old to 16 years of age.

Late Period

from 17 to 20 years of age.

PUBERTY

It is the time when young people tend to have secondary characteristics. It is the development of your sexual characteristics. Wherein the male is able to produce your spermatozoa or your sperms. And the women starts their what? Menstruation.

Puberty

s the time at which an individual first becomes capable of sexual reproduction. A girl has entered puberty when she begins to menstruate; a boy enters puberty when he begins to produce spermatozoa.

11 and 14

13 years to 12.4 years

Puberty

These events usually occur between the ages of ___ years. The age of first menstruation in girls is gradually decreasing from a mean of _____, which is probably related to more weight gain in girls.

Growth Spurt

It simply means that this is the stage of growth.

13 to 20

Growth Spurt

It starts as early as years of age up until _years of age. NOT UNLESS wry pa mag sara an imo epiphyseal plate (found in long bones).

Gigantism

Dwarfism

If the epiphyseal plate doesn’t close? That's already abnormal. Causing ____

If it closes early, it causes ____.

The growth rate

When we talk about growth, we don't talk just about height. But we also talk about weight. ____.

Increased metabolism

Based on your book, pagtikang hit imo teenage years usually, matambok ka anay. Then eventually nagtitipatapos na it imo teenage years nag titikagasa kana naliwat. It changes because of _____

3

At an early age of adolescence, usually, the females are much taller than the males. But eventually___ years after the menstruation, it lalaki, mas na hitaas pa kontra ha babaye

1 to 2 in.

3

Most girls are _____(2.4 to 5 cm) taller than boys coming into adolescence but generally stop growing within ___ years from menarche and so are shorter than boys by the end of adolescence.

4 to 12 in

15 to 65 lb

Boys typically grow about ____. (10 to 30 cm) in height and gain about ____ (7 to 30 kg) during their teenage years.

2 to 8 in

15 to 55 lb

Girls grow ____. (5 to 20 cm) in height and gain ___ (7 to 25 kg).

16 or 17

18 to 20

Growth stops with closure of the epiphyseal lines of the long bones, which occurs at about ____ years of age in females and about ____years of age in males.

70

20

Pulse rate and respiratory rate decrease slightly (to ___beats/min and __ breaths/min, respectively), and blood pressure increases slightly (to 120/70 mmHg) by late adolescence.

Androgen

All during adolescence,____ stimulates sebaceous glands to extreme activity, sometimes resulting in acne, a common adolescent skin problem.

Apocrine sweat glands

(glands present in the axillae and genital area, which produce a strong odor in response to emotional stimulation) form shortly after puberty.

Adolescents

____ begin to notice they must shower or bathe more frequently than when they were younger in order to be free of body odor because of this change.

Dating

In adolescence, what do teenagers or adolescents usually do? Anything. Consider play from your earlier stages or earlier ages. Commonly, in adolescence, ___ is considered a form of play.

DATING

often involves spending longer periods on social media. This is how adolescents play. You have plenty of time for social media. This is also how you call your friends. Different people use different cellphones. There is increased interaction with friends. This is how you talk. You have plenty of time to play. This is the stage. Then there are activities, such as calling your ex-girlfriend.

Belongingness

Behavior in adolescence during this stage shows a need for _____. At this stage, even if you have a girlfriend, she will not belong to you, and you will “buy her.” In earlier stages, you may notice that kids go there but do not stay. As long as you can move, stay there. But when you mature physically, they will choose you, especially when they are heard and seen.

ACCEPTANCE

Another psychosocial need is ____. Adolescents want _____, and they accept others in return. As nurses, we need to look at safety issues during adolescence. One key issue is curiosity, which often leads to risk-taking behaviors. These behaviors are influenced by peer pressure.

Risk-taking behaviors

Since adolescents are prone to ____, nurses should focus on health education.

Health Education

is important for teenagers and must be factual, based on evidence-based practices.

body image

fear of the unknown

fear of adolescence itself

Fears of adolescents include disturbed ____,___, and ___. These fears may lead to anxiety and depression.

Adolescents

At this stage, suicides may also occur, so nurses must understand these fears and possible outcomes.

Adolescents

are concerned with their appearance, such as having glassy skin, or the way others perceive them while drinking or using social media.

Adolescents

At this age and stage, suicide occurs more commonly. Therefore, we need to learn these things so that if we have a patient in adolescence, we know what his fears are and we know the possible outcomes.

BODY IMAGE

This adjustment to changes is not always easy, however, because adolescents can feel disappointed with their final height or general appearance. As adolescents are usually their own worst critics with regard to their bodies, they may need help from health care providers to realize the characteristics that make someone creative, compassionate, and fun to be with, not one’s physical appearance, are the qualities on which lasting relationships are built.

DEPRESSION

occurs because it is related to fear.

Industry

Adolescents who were able to develop a strong sense of___ during their school-age years learned to solve problems and are best equipped to adjust to the changing body image that comes with adolescence.

Active listening

Since there are mental health concerns, what should we do as nurses? As nurses, we must practice active listening. When we talk about______, we are not judgmental, and we are open.

Genital stage

Freud’s Psychosexual Theory - Adolescents in the ____Genital stage

Genital Phase

there is an increase in libido or sexual energy.

sexual relationships and romantic relationships

Another, adolescents tend to form ____ and ____. If there are unresolved conflicts within the age of pag hinder nila naabot ang stage na eto ang nangyayari there will be difficulty of having relationships and madadala niyan up till the end. Amo it iba kay on and off ngan bulag ngan bulag kay deri pa nira na fufull it ine na stage.

Guilt and shame

Also, there is risky behavior, and there might be ___ and ___ about their sexuality. Kapag hindi na resolve ang conflict na eto.

Post Conventional

Erick Erikson

Post Conventional

or what we call Social Contort.

Post Conventional

The moral lesson for the adolescents focuses more on this stage is the right, the laws, and your responsibility. At this stage, the adolescent that the rule exists and they recognize individual rights, they question laws and authority if they perceive it as unfair. They based their decision on ethical principles. Kaya nga more on teenagers nagsupoort kay Leni Robredo, because they already know the ethical principles, they perceive the current administration as wrong and nakikita nira na mas okay ine hiya so pinapaglaban. At more on activist rin ang stage of adolescents.

Kohlberg

we must explain the rules clearly. Kay pag diri ngani clear an imo rules na ginhatag, mag-aagway itun. Kun diri clear, ginbibilngan hin sayop ngan lusot

Parents

The ____ must be with the child during child health assessment. They feel the sense of security, comfort, and confidence pag-aada it presence hit ira kag anak.

Introduction and explanation

Demographic data

Chief concern

History of chief concern

Data gathering for an initial health assessment can be divided into nine sections:

Duration

refers to the length of time a specific symptom such as vomiting or the parent’s concern about the child’s symptom has been present.

Intensity

refers to the kind of vomiting the child is having (e.g., drooling, spitting up, actual vomiting).

Description

is the amount (e.g., a cupful, a mouthful) and color (e.g., whether it contains blood, bile, mucus).

CLOSE-ENDED QUESTIONS

This simplest form of question directly asks for a fact, such as, “Did you take Candy’s temperature?” This is an effective type of question if a particular point is being sought. It is limited in scope, however, because the response usually will be a “yes” or a “no,” with no further elaboration.

OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS

allows for elaboration. In contrast to the closed-ended question, “What did you do for Candy?” is open-ended. The parent will answer with a list of all the things he did, such as, he took Candy’s temperature, had her lie on the couch, gave her extra fluid, and so on. It is important to ask open-ended questions with school-age children and adolescents so they are encouraged to fully describe a problem

COMPOUND QUESTIONS

should be avoided if all possible because the information they elicit is often inaccurate and must be followed by a clarifying question. An example is, “Did Candy have nausea and vomiting?” The parent answers “yes,” but it remains unknown whether Candy had vomiting and nausea, just vomiting, or just nausea because the question included multiple possibilities.

EXPANSIVE QUESTIONS

are open-ended questions gone wrong because the question being asked is too vague toanswer. “What can you tell me about Candy?” leaves a parent wondering where to start. “How has Candy been since her last visit?” limits the question and makes it answerable.

LEADING QUESTIONS

supply their own answers and so they should also be avoided. “Candy has had all her immunizations, hasn’t she?” implies that Candy should have had them and perhaps implies that the parent is a poor caregiver if he responds with anything other than “yes.” The result of such an exchange could be a child left vulnerable to disease.

PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT

is essential to incorporating physical assessment data into the assessment step of the nursing process, so a physical assessment, along with health interviewing, is one of the most frequently practiced skills of a nurse. The scope and extent of a pediatric physical assessment will vary, like health interviewing, depending on the circumstances of each health contact.

Inspection

Examining a child or adolescent initially with your eyes or nose, and being alert to visual indications or odors that may point to a health problem.

Palpation

Examining by touch, either light or deep. Use light palpation before deep palpation so the child or adolescent does not tense muscles and make light palpation difficult. The tips of your fingers are most sensitive to texture,vibration, consistency, and contour; the back of your hand is most sensitive to warmth.

Percussion

The assessment of a body structure by determining the sound you hear in response to striking the part with an examining finger and then interpreting the sound. Dense body areas such as bone have a dull, flat sound; those filled with air, such as lungs, are resonant. If an organ is stretched (e.g., a distended bladder), it has a hyperresonant or low and hollow sound. An organ stretched to an even greater point of distention has a tympanic or extremely hollow, ringing sound.

Auscultation

Listening to sounds that are either discernible to the ear (e.g., wheezing or heavy breathing) or, as in most instances, made louder by means of a stethoscope. Always listen for four qualities of sound: duration, frequency, intensity (i.e., loudness), and pitch (i.e., high or low).

IAPP

If Assessing the abdomen, then use

IPPA

Always use ___in your physical assessment

Immunization

One of the most important health assessment and promotion measures for children is to verify their ____ status is up to date.

Vaccines

are the solutions used to immunize children in order to provide artificially acquired active or passive immunity. Vaccines are prepared in a number of forms. Attenuated vaccines are made from live organisms that have been reduced in virulence to a point where they will not cause active disease but will ensure a good antibody response. Because they are strong solutions, a single dose usually provides a good degree of active immunity.

Antitoxins

Because some bacteria, such as diphtheria, cause disease by producing a toxin, the vaccine against such a disease, a toxoid, is actually an extract of the toxin with reduced virulence. The antibodies produced against toxin-producing bacteria are called ____.

Gamma globulin

is serum obtained from the pooled blood of many people. Because it combines the serum of many people, it probably has antibody protection against measles, rubella, poliomyelitis, varicella, and hepatitis B, among many other infectious diseases. When administered, it offers artificially acquired passive immunity.

Immune serums

are serums available against specific diseases such as diphtheria, tetanus, the pit viper snake, the black widow spider, and respiratory syncytial virus. Like general immune globulin, these provide passive immunity.

BCG

Hepatitis B vaccine

Vitamin K

AT BIRTH

Vaccines:

Pentavalent vaccine

Oral polio vaccine (OPV)

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV)

1 & ½, 2 & ½ , 3 & ½ Months:

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV)

to fight against pneumonia, diphtheria, pertussis.

9 MONTHS

Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR)

1 YEAR

MMR (2nd dose)

Blue book

They have a ___, containing the immunizations of the patient.