paper 3 south america

What were the political causes of the Cuban Revolution?

Batista's dictatorship, corruption, repression, U.S. control of Cuban politics.

What were the social causes of the Cuban Revolution?

Rural poverty, illiteracy, racism, poor access to healthcare/education.

What were the political causes of the Cuban Revolution?

Batista's dictatorship, corruption, repression, U.S. control of Cuban politics.

What were the social causes of the Cuban Revolution?

Rural poverty, illiteracy, racism, poor access to healthcare/education.

What were the economic causes of the Cuban Revolution?

U.S. dominance of industry (esp. sugar), unemployment, wealth inequality.

How did Castro promote Cuban nationalism?

Anti-U.S. stance, promotion of sovereignty, revolutionary pride.

What were Castro’s key political policies?

One-party Communist state, censorship, repression of opposition.

What were Castro’s economic reforms?

Nationalization of industries, land reform, alliance with USSR.

What social reforms did Castro implement?

Free healthcare, universal education, literacy campaign (1961).

How did Castro treat opposition?

Arrests, executions, exile (e.g., Mariel boatlift), surveillance via CDRs.

Name two successes of Castro’s rule.

Literacy/education reform, healthcare improvements.

Name two failures of Castro’s rule.

Economic stagnation, political repression.

How did Castro’s Cuba impact the region?

Inspired guerrilla movements, provoked U.S. hostility (e.g., Bay of Pigs).

How did Castro and Perón gain popular support?

Castro: anti-imperialism and land reform. Perón: labor rights and social welfare.

What ideology did Castro and Perón share?

Nationalism, state-led development, appeal to the working class.

How did both leaders treat opposition?

Repression, media control, exile (Castro more authoritarian).

What was a major failure of both regimes?

Economic problems and increasing authoritarianism.

How did democracy fail in Cuba pre-1959?

Batista's 1952 coup canceled elections; U.S. supported the regime.

What were general causes for democratic collapse in Latin America?

Economic crises, weak institutions, Cold War interference, military coups.

Why did a military dictatorship arise in Chile (1973)?

Economic crisis under Allende, fear of Communism, U.S. intervention.

What policies did Pinochet implement?

Neoliberal reforms, repression, Operation Condor.

How did the regime treat opposition?

Torture, disappearances, censorship, exile.

What were the origins of the Cuban guerrilla movement?

Batista’s repression, inequality, rural poverty.

Who led the Cuban guerrilla movement?

Fidel Castro and the 26th of July Movement.

What were the outcomes of the guerrilla victory in Cuba?

Overthrow of Batista (1959), establishment of a Marxist regime.

What is Liberation Theology?

A Catholic movement linking Christian values with social justice for the poor.

Where did Liberation Theology have the most impact?

Brazil (CEBs) and El Salvador (Oscar Romero).

Why didn’t Liberation Theology take hold in Cuba?

Cuba became officially atheist post-1959; religion was suppressed.