The Reformation

Protestants

Supporters of this desire to reform.

Causes of the Reformation (3)

- Influence on the Renaissance

- Wealth of the Church

- Abuses within the church

- Power of kings

Simony

The buying or selling of position within the Church.

Nepotism

The appointing of relatives to Church jobs regardless of merit.

Pluraism

Holding more than one Church job at the same time.

Absenteeism

A priest of bishop being absent from their parish or diocese for long periods of time.

Purgatory

A place between heaven and hell.

Sale of indulgences

Special prayers that were said to reduce the time a soul spent in purgatory.

Martin Luther (1483-1546)

German Augustinian monk and theologist who started the Reformation.

Justification by Faith Alone

Only faith in God could get a person into heaven without performing good works.

Who was selling indulgences in Wittenberg, 1517?

John Tetzel

Where was this money going?

Half was for the rebuilding of St Peter's Basilica, the other half going to the Archbishop of Mainz.

Ninety-Five Theses

- Pope had no power to forgive sins

- Indulgences don't save people from punishment for their sins

- the Pope should rebuild St Peter's himself, instead of taking money from the poor

Who was sent to debate Martin Luther in public?

Theologian, John Eck.

Who ordered Luther to recant?

Pope Leo X.

Papal Bull

A formal letter and command.

Excommunication

To be expelled from the Catholic Church and unable to receive the sacraments.

What did Luther do with his Papal Bull?

Publicly burned it and was excommunicated in 1521.

What did Luther continue to write?

Pamphlets and give sermons rejecting the power of the Pope.

What did Charles V call in 1521?

a Diet of German princes at Worms about Luther.

What did Luther say at the meeting?

'I cannot and will not recant anything, for to go against conscience is neither right or safe.'

What did Charles issue after the Diet?

The Edict of Worms, making Luther an outlaw.

Heresy

Knowingly holding beliefs that went against the official teachings of the Church.

Who arranged a fake kidnapping of Luther?

Prince Frederick of Saxony hid Luther in Wartburg Castle for a year.

What did Luther do in Wartburg Castle for that year?

Translated the Bible into German, so that everyone could read it for themselves.

Luther's beliefs

- The Bible is the only source of guidance for Christians.

- Each prince or king should control the Church in the area under their rule

- Mass and Bible should be in the vernacular, instead of Latin

- ' Justification by Faith Alone

- Clergy should be allowed to marry

Catholich Church's seven sacraments

Baptism, confession, communion, confirmation, marriage, the last rites and ordination.

Lutherans' sacraments

Baptism and communion.

Transubstantion

Believe that during communion, the bread and wine are actually transformed into the blood and body of Jesus.

Constubstantion

The bread and wine did not become the body and blood; rather, they exist side by side.

Peace of Augsburg (1555)

An agreement that each ruler would choose the religion in his state.

Counter-Reformation

The Catholic Church was forced to address many of the problems Luther raised, by bringing in reforms.